Garden leave (or "gardening leave") [ficar na geladeira?] describes the practice whereby an employee who is leaving a job (having resigned or otherwise had their employment terminated) is instructed to stay away from work during their notice period [aviso prévio], while still remaining on the payroll. This practice is often used to prevent employees from taking with them up-to-date (and perhaps sensitive) information when they leave their current employer, especially when they are leaving to join a competitor.
Employees continue to receive their normal pay during garden leave and are covered by any contractual duties, such as confidentiality agreements, until their notice period expires.
The term can also be used when an employee is sent home whilst subject to disciplinary proceedings, when they are between projects, or where, as a result of publicity, their presence at work is considered counter-productive. [suspensão remunerada]
The term is frequently used in Formula One motor racing to describe what happens when valued technical staff choose to move between teams. In an attempt to prevent proprietary information about performance and design falling into competitors' hands, the engineer in question is placed on garden leave, sometimes for many months, to ensure that when he is finally able to join his new employer his knowledge is no longer current (or useful).
5.14.2011
5.13.2011
BRAVE NEW WORD WORLD
A cada dia vemos novos termos surgindo, enquanto outros caem no esquecimento. Antigamente, interrupção de energia era chamado "blecaute" [anglicismo]. Agora é "apagão".
Na esteira (in the wake of) do apagão, agora temos: apagão de talentos (em recursos humanos), apagão aéreo (ou seja, 'caos' aéreo devido a infraestrutura deficiente dos aeroportos).
No começo da Era da Internet começou a ser aventado "teletrabalho", "teletrabalhador". Por um tempo parecia que isso não iria "pegar". Mas eis que agora vemos nas publicações: telepresença, teletrabalhador, telefuncionário, telessala [juro!].
Na esteira (in the wake of) do apagão, agora temos: apagão de talentos (em recursos humanos), apagão aéreo (ou seja, 'caos' aéreo devido a infraestrutura deficiente dos aeroportos).
No começo da Era da Internet começou a ser aventado "teletrabalho", "teletrabalhador". Por um tempo parecia que isso não iria "pegar". Mas eis que agora vemos nas publicações: telepresença, teletrabalhador, telefuncionário, telessala [juro!].
FRIDAY THE 13TH
Friday the 13th occurs when the thirteenth day of a month falls on a Friday, which superstition holds to be a day of bad luck. Any month's 13th day will fall on a Friday if the month starts on a Sunday.
A BAD-LUCK GUIDE TO FRIDAY THE 13TH - THINGS TO AVOID
Breaking a Mirror: Seven Years of Bad Luck
Putting Your Left Foot on the Floor When You First Wake Up
Walking Under a Ladder
Spilling Salt
Opening an Umbrella Indoors
Leaving Your Purse on the Floor
A Black Cat Crossing Your Path
Dropping a Knife and Picking It Up
A BAD-LUCK GUIDE TO FRIDAY THE 13TH - THINGS TO AVOID
Breaking a Mirror: Seven Years of Bad Luck
Putting Your Left Foot on the Floor When You First Wake Up
Walking Under a Ladder
Spilling Salt
Opening an Umbrella Indoors
Leaving Your Purse on the Floor
A Black Cat Crossing Your Path
Dropping a Knife and Picking It Up
5.10.2011
COMFORTER / DUVET / EDREDOM / QUILT
O inverno vem aí e está chegando a hora de tirar os edredons do armário!
A duvet is a type of bedding — a soft flat bag traditionally filled with down or feathers, or a combination of both, and used on a bed as a blanket. Although comforters go on top of the traditional sheets and blankets, duvets are used by themselves. (Na verdade, "duvet" na Inglaterra é uma fronha gigante para o edredom). The term "Duvet day" is used in some countries to describe an allowance of one or more days a year when employees can simply phone in and say that they are not coming in to work, even though they have no leave booked and are not ill. The provision of this benefit became fashionable in the late 1990s with many larger companies in the UK.
A COMFORTER (American English) is a type of blanket. Comforters are intended to keep the user warm, especially during sleep, although they can also be used as mattress pads. Comforters are generally large and rectangular in shape, filled with natural or synthetic insulative material and encased in a shell/covering. Like quilts, comforters are generally used with a set of bed sheets.
A QUILT is a type of bed cover, traditionally composed of three layers of fiber: a woven cloth top, a layer of batting or wadding and a woven back, combined using the technique of quilting. “Quilting” refers to the technique of joining at least two fabric layers by stitches or ties.
EIDERDOWN: Genuine British Eiderdowns made in the traditional way with feather & down or grey duck down filling and giving that typically British country house/traditional bedroom look.
Edredom = edredão = acolchoado = almadraque = goderim
A duvet is a type of bedding — a soft flat bag traditionally filled with down or feathers, or a combination of both, and used on a bed as a blanket. Although comforters go on top of the traditional sheets and blankets, duvets are used by themselves. (Na verdade, "duvet" na Inglaterra é uma fronha gigante para o edredom). The term "Duvet day" is used in some countries to describe an allowance of one or more days a year when employees can simply phone in and say that they are not coming in to work, even though they have no leave booked and are not ill. The provision of this benefit became fashionable in the late 1990s with many larger companies in the UK. (In the US, confusion often occurs as the word "duvet" is sometimes used to refer to a comforter cover rather than the down blanket itself. For example, this is how the term is used by a large retailer: "For those of you enjoying a down comforter, or even just looking for a change for your bedroom, a duvet could be the perfect answer. Since you will be placing your comforter inside the duvet, it is important that the appropriate size be selected.")
In Australia, particularly in eastern regions, a duvet or down quilt is often called a "Doona". A COMFORTER (American English) is a type of blanket. Comforters are intended to keep the user warm, especially during sleep, although they can also be used as mattress pads. Comforters are generally large and rectangular in shape, filled with natural or synthetic insulative material and encased in a shell/covering. Like quilts, comforters are generally used with a set of bed sheets.
A QUILT is a type of bed cover, traditionally composed of three layers of fiber: a woven cloth top, a layer of batting or wadding and a woven back, combined using the technique of quilting. “Quilting” refers to the technique of joining at least two fabric layers by stitches or ties.
EIDERDOWN: Genuine British Eiderdowns made in the traditional way with feather & down or grey duck down filling and giving that typically British country house/traditional bedroom look.
Edredom = edredão = acolchoado = almadraque = goderim
5.07.2011
SITUATION
Situation (n): Position or status with regard to conditions and circumstances. The combination of circumstances at a given moment; a state of affairs. A critical, problematic, or striking set of circumstances. The way in which something is positioned vis-à-vis its surroundings. The place in which something is situated; a location. A position of employment; a post.
situation room: area at headquarters through which latest reports are channeled.
A foto mostra o presidente dos EUA com seus assessores, acompanhando a ação no Paquistão, todos na "Situation Room" [Sala de Acompanhamento de Crises / Emergências] [?]
Um comercial de um conhecido ator sobre a matança de animais começa assim: "We have a situation here" [Temos um problema aqui.]
situation room: area at headquarters through which latest reports are channeled.
A foto mostra o presidente dos EUA com seus assessores, acompanhando a ação no Paquistão, todos na "Situation Room" [Sala de Acompanhamento de Crises / Emergências] [?]
Um comercial de um conhecido ator sobre a matança de animais começa assim: "We have a situation here" [Temos um problema aqui.]
5.06.2011
"A HALF-BAKED RESPONSE" = "RESPOSTA/SOLUÇÃO MEIA-BOCA"?
adj. 1.Only partly baked. 2.Informal. Insufficiently thought out; ill-conceived: a half-baked scheme. 3.Informal. Exhibiting a lack of good judgment or common sense: a half-baked visionary.
"Short Courses: A half-baked response to training needs?"
"... that kind of half-hearted, half-baked response is not going to work in the future"
"Lawyer accuses Judge of 'Half-Baked Findings' in Response to Sanctions Threat".
"At a House of Representatives hearing in Washington on Wednesday, Republican ABC, who heads the Commerce Committee's Consumer Protection Panel, condemned XYZ for a "half-baked response" towards warning 100m users that credit card details and passwords might have been stolen."
"Short Courses: A half-baked response to training needs?"
"... that kind of half-hearted, half-baked response is not going to work in the future"
"Lawyer accuses Judge of 'Half-Baked Findings' in Response to Sanctions Threat".
"At a House of Representatives hearing in Washington on Wednesday, Republican ABC, who heads the Commerce Committee's Consumer Protection Panel, condemned XYZ for a "half-baked response" towards warning 100m users that credit card details and passwords might have been stolen."
ADVÉRBIO E SUFIXO
Não custa lembrar: Havendo dois ou mais advérbios terminados em -mente, numa mesma frase, somente se coloca o sufixo no último deles. Ainda, nenhum advérbio com essa terminação é acentuado.
Exemplo: Ele agiu rápida, porém acertadamente. A decisão foi amigável e favoravelmente transmitida.
Fonte: www.gramaticaonline.com.br
Exemplo: Ele agiu rápida, porém acertadamente. A decisão foi amigável e favoravelmente transmitida.
Fonte: www.gramaticaonline.com.br
TAP WATER x SPARKLING/STILL MINERAL WATER
Tap water is drinking water which comes from an indoor tap or spigot. It is part of a larger indoor plumbing system which requires a complex supportive infrastructure including a stable water source, piping, and water filtration to keep the water safe.
Switching from bottled to tap water - Water safety FAQs - How safe is UK tap water?
UK tap water is among the safest in the world. Independent tests show UK tap water is among the safest in the world. The Drinking Water Inspectorate reported a 99.96% compliance with standards by UK water companies in 2006. Contamination is rare, usually caused by local pollution, such as old pipes, not the water supply. Switching from bottled to tap water - Water safety FAQs - How safe is UK tap water?
Uk Restaurants urged to serve free tap water - Sim, é bastante comum clientes [patrons] pedirem uma jarra com água de torneira em restaurantes. Restaurants should offer free tap water - Restaurants are pushing diners into buying expensive bottled water, instead of offering them tap water for free, according to the Government's consumer watchdog. Some restaurants in Mayfair, London, are offering water at £50 a litre and even at chain restaurants a litre of water can cost £3.80. Nine out of 10 restaurants are pushing patrons to spend on so-called designer waters instead of serving free tap water, according to the National Consumer Council. Under the Supply of Goods & Services Act restaurants have to supply water along with a meal, but they are allowed to charge for it, even if it is just tap water. Only one per cent of restaurants in London always offer free tap water, before suggesting bottled.
Carbonated water (also known as club soda, soda water, sparkling water, seltzer, or fizzy water) is a blanket term for water in which carbon dioxide gas has been dissolved. This creates carbonation, or bubbles. Sparkling water may be plain, or may be flavored or have nutrients or salts added.
That’s right, if you want to “do as the French do” on your next trip to Paris or Provence, better put down that bottle of Evian and grab a glass of cold stuff straight from the faucet. Sparkling water on tap is a fantasy come true... if I was to move to Paris tomorrow. I love fizzy water - can't get enough of the stuff - but, for reasons of temperance and economy, limit myself to one 750ml bottle per day (except weekends). But if I was to move to the 12th arrondissement I would have free unlimited access to ''La Petillante'' - literally, she who sparkles - a public fountain that gushes freely with chilled bubbles. How civilised is that?
BELIEVE IT OR NOT:
Sep 22, 2010 – Eco-conscious Parisians can now get their sparkling water free and in unlimited supply at a new public drinking fountain installed by city authorities, which aims to wean consumers off bottled water and onto tap.Unveiled on Tuesday in the Jardin de Reuilly park in the east of the city by publicly owned water company Eau de Paris, the fountain injects carbon dioxide into regular tap water to make it bubbly, and chills it before delivering it to consumers. Separate faucets also provide a still version of the beverage, both refrigerated and unrefrigerated, and again pumped directly from the city’s own public water supply
Sources: The Guardian, The Telegraph and Reuters
5.01.2011
ENGLISH TEA
Cake Stand Salmon/Cucumber sandwiches Scones with cream and jam
We went to Harvey Nichols' fifth floor tearoom to have an afternoon English Tea. This place caters mostly to locals. If you ask a British which place serves the best English tea you will hear: the Brown Hotel, the Ritz Hotel, etc. But these are not everyday places to have an English tea. They are very expensive. At Harvey Nichols (which is a department store) you can order a cake stand (a three-tiered tray with cucumber, egg and salmon sandwiches, scones and tartes, macaroons) and an extra cup. For two people, this is more than enough (although my daughter thinks the place has no tradition, I find it very charming: while you drink tea you have a view of the old domes of London).
The Brits cherish everything old, very old. I even read somewhere that one of the Parliament members, to emphasize that a certain person had no history, said: "He is the kind of person who has to buy his own furniture!"
Besides the tearooms, London has many champagne bars. They are everywhere. I asked why there were so many of them. And I was told they were there for you to celebrate anything very special - e.g.: being alive! Anyway, they are not my cup of tea.
We went to Harvey Nichols' fifth floor tearoom to have an afternoon English Tea. This place caters mostly to locals. If you ask a British which place serves the best English tea you will hear: the Brown Hotel, the Ritz Hotel, etc. But these are not everyday places to have an English tea. They are very expensive. At Harvey Nichols (which is a department store) you can order a cake stand (a three-tiered tray with cucumber, egg and salmon sandwiches, scones and tartes, macaroons) and an extra cup. For two people, this is more than enough (although my daughter thinks the place has no tradition, I find it very charming: while you drink tea you have a view of the old domes of London).
The Brits cherish everything old, very old. I even read somewhere that one of the Parliament members, to emphasize that a certain person had no history, said: "He is the kind of person who has to buy his own furniture!"
Besides the tearooms, London has many champagne bars. They are everywhere. I asked why there were so many of them. And I was told they were there for you to celebrate anything very special - e.g.: being alive! Anyway, they are not my cup of tea.
4.22.2011
THE UK FLAG = THE UNION FLAG = THE UNION JACK
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. It spans an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. It consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales and its seat of government is the capital city of London. There are three devolved [delegadas] national administrations, with varying powers in Belfast, Cardiff and Edinburgh, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland respectively.
Os canais de TV mostram as ruas de Londres ornamentadas por bandeiras do Reino Unido. A casual onlooker could think that this was the only flag there. Not so fast. Durante a última Copa, algumas casas londrinas ostentavam uma bandeira branca com uma cruz vermelha - a bandeira da Inglattera. [Algumas casas apenas, e somente durante eventos como a Copa - ostentar símbolos tais como a Bandeira em outras ocasiões pode ser visto como discriminação - something abhorrable.]
[Isso de escrever misturando os idiomas me lembra o exame que fiz para tradutor juramentado. Por sorteio, tive que comentar um artigo sobre a vida de Pelé - logo eu, que sou torcedora apenas na Copa e nunca soube as posições dos jogadores beyond atacante e goleiro [guarda-redes, em Portugal]. O examinador fazia um sinal com a mão e eu tinha que falar em português, outro sinal com a mão e mudava para o inglês e assim, sucessivamente, durante uma meia hora. Um sufoco, mas passei.]
4.20.2011
SIGN VS. EXECUTE
execute (verb): To make valid, as by signing: execute a deed. To perform or carry out what is required by: execute the terms of a will. When a person "executes" a document, he or she signs it with the proper "formalities". For example: If there is a legal requirement that the signature on the document be witnessed, the person executes the document by signing it in the presence of the required number of witnesses. That's why "execute" is the term used in contracts.
EFFECTIVE DATE VS. EXECUTION DATE
The execution date is the date that the party signs the document. The effective date is the date that the agreement becomes effective and can be a specified date other than the date the agreement was signed. If no other date is specified, the contract is effective on the execution (signing) date.
JOINT AND SEVERAL LIABILITY
This means that all liable parties are equally and personally liable for the obligations of a judgment, loan, debt or other liabilities. Being Severally Liable means that, if one liable party is unable to pay its portion of an obligation then the remaining liable parties will be responsible for their own portion as well as this unpaid portion.
Source: http://wiki.lawdepot.com/wiki/Legal_FAQ
SERVING A DOCUMENT / PROOF OF SERVICE
To "serve" a document refers to the formal delivery of a document from one party to another in a manner that is legally acceptable. This may be accomplished in many ways including delivery in person, delivery by registered mail, delivery by process server, or for more serious matters delivery via a sheriff or bailiff. The person to whom a document is delivered may attempt to avoid or deny delivery of a document. It is prudent to use some method of verification of delivery.
Proof of Service is evidence that can be introduced into court to verify that the party did in fact receive a copy of a document.
A document may also be served by certified or registered mail.
EFFECTIVE DATE VS. EXECUTION DATE
The execution date is the date that the party signs the document. The effective date is the date that the agreement becomes effective and can be a specified date other than the date the agreement was signed. If no other date is specified, the contract is effective on the execution (signing) date.
JOINT AND SEVERAL LIABILITY
This means that all liable parties are equally and personally liable for the obligations of a judgment, loan, debt or other liabilities. Being Severally Liable means that, if one liable party is unable to pay its portion of an obligation then the remaining liable parties will be responsible for their own portion as well as this unpaid portion.
Source: http://wiki.lawdepot.com/wiki/Legal_FAQ
SERVING A DOCUMENT / PROOF OF SERVICE
To "serve" a document refers to the formal delivery of a document from one party to another in a manner that is legally acceptable. This may be accomplished in many ways including delivery in person, delivery by registered mail, delivery by process server, or for more serious matters delivery via a sheriff or bailiff. The person to whom a document is delivered may attempt to avoid or deny delivery of a document. It is prudent to use some method of verification of delivery.
Proof of Service is evidence that can be introduced into court to verify that the party did in fact receive a copy of a document.
A document may also be served by certified or registered mail.
4.19.2011
JANDALS = FLIP-FLOP FOOTWEAR = THONG SANDALS = TOESIES = SLIPPERS = HAVAIANAS
Also called flip-flops, thong sandals, zories, slip slaps, thongs, pluggers,and toesies or slippers, jandals are an open type of flat soled sandals held loosely on the foot by a Y-shaped strap, like a thin thong, that passes between the first and second toes. Unlike sandals, jandals do not secure the ankle. The word jandal is an abbreviation of the term "Japanese Sandal" and is often used to denote Asian flip-flop type footwear.
Resumindo: havaianas
Resumindo: havaianas
4.17.2011
BORDÃO = TAGLINE
Hoje me perguntaram como traduzir os bordões de um programa de TV.
"Se vira nos 30"
Acho que poderia ser: "Do your thing in half a minute"
Encontrei estas traduções na rede:
Fend for yourself in thirty seconds!
You have to manage on your own.
Make do in 30 seconds!
Do it by yourself in 30 seconds!"
"Find a way in 30!"
"Quem sabe faz ao vivo": He who knows does it live!
"O loco, meu": Crazy, dude! Gnarly, man!
"Se vira nos 30"
Acho que poderia ser: "Do your thing in half a minute"
Encontrei estas traduções na rede:
Fend for yourself in thirty seconds!
You have to manage on your own.
Make do in 30 seconds!
Do it by yourself in 30 seconds!"
"Find a way in 30!"
"Quem sabe faz ao vivo": He who knows does it live!
"O loco, meu": Crazy, dude! Gnarly, man!
4.16.2011
CONVERSA DE ÔNIBUS
Hoje acordei com a lembrança de uma simpática casa de chá em Tower Hamlets e resolvi que não faria café, sairia da frente do computador e tomaria café em uma "boulangerie" que faz pão de "beaujolais", azeite e nozes, aqui nas imediações.
Também resolvi ir de ônibus e apreciar a paisagem (pena que não havia um segundo andar). Mas o que me chamou mesmo a atenção foi a conversa entre o cobrador e o motorista:
"- Cara, você lembra do Melancia? Ele agora tá na roda na XX [empresa]. Quando ele tirou a carteira [de habilitação] dele, era para eu ter tirado também e hoje estaria na roda. Mas eu vacilei... Daí que fui para aquela pegada [emprego] na YY. Lá eu rendia [substituía] o Zóio de Boneca. "
"- E você conheceu o João Leno? Ele ficou bastante tempo na roda, mas foi pra roça [despedido]. Agora tá em outro trampo, com outras paradas."
Aí a minha parada também chegou e desci [alighted].
Também resolvi ir de ônibus e apreciar a paisagem (pena que não havia um segundo andar). Mas o que me chamou mesmo a atenção foi a conversa entre o cobrador e o motorista:
"- Cara, você lembra do Melancia? Ele agora tá na roda na XX [empresa]. Quando ele tirou a carteira [de habilitação] dele, era para eu ter tirado também e hoje estaria na roda. Mas eu vacilei... Daí que fui para aquela pegada [emprego] na YY. Lá eu rendia [substituía] o Zóio de Boneca. "
"- E você conheceu o João Leno? Ele ficou bastante tempo na roda, mas foi pra roça [despedido]. Agora tá em outro trampo, com outras paradas."
Aí a minha parada também chegou e desci [alighted].
4.15.2011
SANCTION: Positive and negative meanings
Sanction is a tricky word that has two contradictory meanings -- one positive and the other negative.
noun: official permission or approval for something / The management refused to grant a sanction for his proposed move to a rival football club. authorization
1.Authoritative permission or approval that makes a course of action valid. See synonyms at permission.
2.Support or encouragement, as from public opinion or established custom.
3.A consideration, influence, or principle that dictates an ethical choice.
4.a.A law or decree. b.The penalty for noncompliance specified in a law or decree.
5.A penalty, specified or in the form of moral pressure, that acts to ensure compliance or conformity.
6.A coercive measure adopted usually by several nations acting together against a nation violating international law.
Antonyms: ban, disapproval, prevention, prohibition, refusal, veto, embargo, punishment /
Antonyms: award, honor, reward
verb: to give official permission or approval for something / The board of directors sanctioned the purchase of the property.
1.To give official authorization or approval to: "The president, we are told, has sanctioned greed at the cost of compassion" (David Rankin).
2.To encourage or tolerate by indicating approval. See synonyms at approve.
3.To penalize, especially for violating a moral principle or international law.
1.To give one's consent to: allow, approbate, approve, authorize, consent, endorse, let, permit, encourage
2.To accept officially: adopt, affirm, approve, confirm, pass, ratify. See accept/reject, law.
3. to punish so as to deter
adj: sanctionable
This video is presented by TransLegal - the world leader in Legal English
CRIMINAL LAW: a sanction is the punishment for a criminal offense. The criminal sanction for a criminal defendant varies according to the crime and includes such measures as death, incarceration, probation, community service, and monetary fines.
CIVIL LAW: a sanction is that part of a law that assigns a penalty for violation of the law's provisions. The most common civil sanction is a monetary fine, but other types of sanctions exist. Depending on the case, a sanction may be the suspension or revocation of a business, professional, or hobby license, or a court order commanding a person to do or refrain from doing something. A sanction may even be tailored to the case at hand. For instance, under rule 37 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, if a party refuses to obey a discovery order, or an order to relinquish requested evidence, the court may order that the evidence sought be automatically construed in favor of the requesting party, refuse to allow the disobedient party to make claims or defenses related to the evidence, stay or postpone the case until the discovery order is obeyed, dismiss the action or render judgment for the requesting party, declare the disobedient party in contempt of court, or make any other order that is just under the circumstances.
CIVIL LITIGATION: sanctions are slightly different from remedies. A remedy is the relief accorded to a victorious litigant. The remedy may be money damages, an order that forbids or commands the opposing party or parties to do or refrain from doing a certain act or acts, or some other result favorable to the victorious litigant. Remedies are not always intended to punish a person, while sanctions are always punitive. Nevertheless, remedies and sanctions are similar in that they refer to a loss that a civil litigant must bear if she is found liable for a civil wrong. In some cases a party may have to remedy another party's loss as well as suffer criminal and civil sanctions, all for the same act. For example, if an attorney is professionally negligent in his handling of a client's case and steals funds from the client's trust account, the attorney may face a malpractice civil suit from the aggrieved client in which the client asks for money as a remedy for the malpractice. The attorney also may suffer sanctions from the professional conduct committee of the state bar association and criminal sanctions from a prosecution for the theft.
The CONTEMPT-OF-COURT OFFENSE provides a flexible form of sanction. Contempt-of-court sanctions may be either civil or criminal. The court may order a party to pay a fine or suffer some setback in the case (civil contempt), or it may order that the party be placed in jail (criminal contempt). The basic difference between the two is that criminal contempt is an act of disrespect toward the court, whereas civil contempt acts tend to be less offensive transgressions, such as the unintentional failure to comply with discovery orders or to perform other acts ordered by the court.
A common form of sanction is the ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCY SANCTION against a corporation. Corporations must follow various rules passed by federal, state, and local administrative agencies authorized by lawmaking bodies to regulate specific topics of government concern. If a business does not obey agency rules that apply to it, it may face sanctions levied by the administrative agency responsible for enforcing the rules. For example, federal and state environmental protection agencies are authorized by statute to levy fines against businesses that violate environmental laws and regulations.
An INTERNATIONAL SANCTION is a special form of sanction taken by one country against another. International sanctions are measures that are designed to bring a delinquent or renegade state into compliance with expected rules of conduct. International sanctions may be either non-forceful or military. Military sanctions can range from cutting off access to limited strikes to full-scale war. Non-forceful international sanctions include diplomatic measures such as the withdrawal of an ambassador, the severing of diplomatic relations, or the filing of a protest with the United Nations; financial sanctions such as denying aid or cutting off access to financial institutions; and economic sanctions such as partial or total trade embargoes. The U.N. Security Council has the authority to impose economic and military sanctions on nations that pose a threat to peace.
Sanctions are penalties or other means of enforcement used to provide incentives for obedience with the law, or with rules and regulations.[1] Criminal sanctions can take the form of serious punishment, such as corporal or capital punishment, incarceration, or severe fines. Within the civil law context, sanctions are usually monetary fines, levied against a party to a lawsuit or his/her attorney, for violating rules of procedure, or for abusing the judicial process. The most severe sanction in a civil lawsuit is the involuntary dismissal, with prejudice, of a complaining party's cause of action, or of the responding party's answer. This has the effect of deciding the entire action against the sanctioned party without recourse, except to the degree that an appeal or trial de novo may be allowed because of reversible error.
As a noun, THE TERM IS USUALLY USED IN THE PLURAL, even when it refers to a single event: if a judge fines a party, it is not said that he or she imposed a sanction, but that he or she imposed sanctions.
A judge may sanction a party during a legal proceeding, by which it is meant that he or she imposes penalties. In the United States federal court system, certain types of conduct are sanctionable under Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
Conversely and to some surprisingly, the word may be used to mean "approve of," especially in an official sense. "The law sanctions such behavior" would mean that the behavior spoken of enjoys the specific approval of law.
Tradução para o português: n. - sanção (f), consentimento (m) / v. - sancionar
Expressions: formal Sanctions / Motion for Sanctions / economic sanction / social sanction / the bourne sanction / hipaa sanctions
Sources: Translegal; Answers.com
noun: official permission or approval for something / The management refused to grant a sanction for his proposed move to a rival football club. authorization
1.Authoritative permission or approval that makes a course of action valid. See synonyms at permission.
2.Support or encouragement, as from public opinion or established custom.
3.A consideration, influence, or principle that dictates an ethical choice.
4.a.A law or decree. b.The penalty for noncompliance specified in a law or decree.
5.A penalty, specified or in the form of moral pressure, that acts to ensure compliance or conformity.
6.A coercive measure adopted usually by several nations acting together against a nation violating international law.
Antonyms: ban, disapproval, prevention, prohibition, refusal, veto, embargo, punishment /
Antonyms: award, honor, reward
verb: to give official permission or approval for something / The board of directors sanctioned the purchase of the property.
1.To give official authorization or approval to: "The president, we are told, has sanctioned greed at the cost of compassion" (David Rankin).
2.To encourage or tolerate by indicating approval. See synonyms at approve.
3.To penalize, especially for violating a moral principle or international law.
1.To give one's consent to: allow, approbate, approve, authorize, consent, endorse, let, permit, encourage
2.To accept officially: adopt, affirm, approve, confirm, pass, ratify. See accept/reject, law.
3. to punish so as to deter
adj: sanctionable
This video is presented by TransLegal - the world leader in Legal English
CRIMINAL LAW: a sanction is the punishment for a criminal offense. The criminal sanction for a criminal defendant varies according to the crime and includes such measures as death, incarceration, probation, community service, and monetary fines.
CIVIL LAW: a sanction is that part of a law that assigns a penalty for violation of the law's provisions. The most common civil sanction is a monetary fine, but other types of sanctions exist. Depending on the case, a sanction may be the suspension or revocation of a business, professional, or hobby license, or a court order commanding a person to do or refrain from doing something. A sanction may even be tailored to the case at hand. For instance, under rule 37 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, if a party refuses to obey a discovery order, or an order to relinquish requested evidence, the court may order that the evidence sought be automatically construed in favor of the requesting party, refuse to allow the disobedient party to make claims or defenses related to the evidence, stay or postpone the case until the discovery order is obeyed, dismiss the action or render judgment for the requesting party, declare the disobedient party in contempt of court, or make any other order that is just under the circumstances.
CIVIL LITIGATION: sanctions are slightly different from remedies. A remedy is the relief accorded to a victorious litigant. The remedy may be money damages, an order that forbids or commands the opposing party or parties to do or refrain from doing a certain act or acts, or some other result favorable to the victorious litigant. Remedies are not always intended to punish a person, while sanctions are always punitive. Nevertheless, remedies and sanctions are similar in that they refer to a loss that a civil litigant must bear if she is found liable for a civil wrong. In some cases a party may have to remedy another party's loss as well as suffer criminal and civil sanctions, all for the same act. For example, if an attorney is professionally negligent in his handling of a client's case and steals funds from the client's trust account, the attorney may face a malpractice civil suit from the aggrieved client in which the client asks for money as a remedy for the malpractice. The attorney also may suffer sanctions from the professional conduct committee of the state bar association and criminal sanctions from a prosecution for the theft.
The CONTEMPT-OF-COURT OFFENSE provides a flexible form of sanction. Contempt-of-court sanctions may be either civil or criminal. The court may order a party to pay a fine or suffer some setback in the case (civil contempt), or it may order that the party be placed in jail (criminal contempt). The basic difference between the two is that criminal contempt is an act of disrespect toward the court, whereas civil contempt acts tend to be less offensive transgressions, such as the unintentional failure to comply with discovery orders or to perform other acts ordered by the court.
A common form of sanction is the ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCY SANCTION against a corporation. Corporations must follow various rules passed by federal, state, and local administrative agencies authorized by lawmaking bodies to regulate specific topics of government concern. If a business does not obey agency rules that apply to it, it may face sanctions levied by the administrative agency responsible for enforcing the rules. For example, federal and state environmental protection agencies are authorized by statute to levy fines against businesses that violate environmental laws and regulations.
An INTERNATIONAL SANCTION is a special form of sanction taken by one country against another. International sanctions are measures that are designed to bring a delinquent or renegade state into compliance with expected rules of conduct. International sanctions may be either non-forceful or military. Military sanctions can range from cutting off access to limited strikes to full-scale war. Non-forceful international sanctions include diplomatic measures such as the withdrawal of an ambassador, the severing of diplomatic relations, or the filing of a protest with the United Nations; financial sanctions such as denying aid or cutting off access to financial institutions; and economic sanctions such as partial or total trade embargoes. The U.N. Security Council has the authority to impose economic and military sanctions on nations that pose a threat to peace.
Sanctions are penalties or other means of enforcement used to provide incentives for obedience with the law, or with rules and regulations.[1] Criminal sanctions can take the form of serious punishment, such as corporal or capital punishment, incarceration, or severe fines. Within the civil law context, sanctions are usually monetary fines, levied against a party to a lawsuit or his/her attorney, for violating rules of procedure, or for abusing the judicial process. The most severe sanction in a civil lawsuit is the involuntary dismissal, with prejudice, of a complaining party's cause of action, or of the responding party's answer. This has the effect of deciding the entire action against the sanctioned party without recourse, except to the degree that an appeal or trial de novo may be allowed because of reversible error.
As a noun, THE TERM IS USUALLY USED IN THE PLURAL, even when it refers to a single event: if a judge fines a party, it is not said that he or she imposed a sanction, but that he or she imposed sanctions.
A judge may sanction a party during a legal proceeding, by which it is meant that he or she imposes penalties. In the United States federal court system, certain types of conduct are sanctionable under Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
Conversely and to some surprisingly, the word may be used to mean "approve of," especially in an official sense. "The law sanctions such behavior" would mean that the behavior spoken of enjoys the specific approval of law.
Tradução para o português: n. - sanção (f), consentimento (m) / v. - sancionar
Expressions: formal Sanctions / Motion for Sanctions / economic sanction / social sanction / the bourne sanction / hipaa sanctions
Sources: Translegal; Answers.com
4.14.2011
ARBITRATOR, ARBITER, ARBITRATION AND ARBITRAGE
Arbitrators and arbiters are both types of judges but they act in different contexts.
arbitrator (noun ): a neutral person either chosen by the parties to an arbitration agreement or by a court or arbitration institute to hear the parties' claims and render a decision. An arbitrator judges only in arbitration proceedings.
The sole arbitrator was appointed by the Chamber of Commerce.
arbiter (noun ): an impartial (=not supporting or biased towards either of the disputing parties) person or institiution given the power to decide in a dispute. An arbiter has the power to decide in any sort of controversy.
They can leave questions of law to the decision of a tribunal, but they cannot make it the final arbiter on a question of law.
arbitration (noun ): the reference of a dispute to an impartial (third) person chosen by the parties who agree in advance to abide by the arbitration award issued after the hearing at which both parties have an opportunity to be heard. An arbitration proceeding is a form of alternative dispute resolution which is held outside of court.
The parties decided to refer the dispute to arbitration pursuant to the terms of their agreement.
arbitrage (noun ): the simultaneous buying and selling of currencies or securities at two different prices in two different markets to profit from price discrepancies (=differences between two things that should be the same).
Index arbitrage and outright manipulation have come to dominate trading in some areas.
Source: Translegal
This video is presented by TransLegal - the world leader in Legal English
arbitrator (noun ): a neutral person either chosen by the parties to an arbitration agreement or by a court or arbitration institute to hear the parties' claims and render a decision. An arbitrator judges only in arbitration proceedings.
The sole arbitrator was appointed by the Chamber of Commerce.
arbiter (noun ): an impartial (=not supporting or biased towards either of the disputing parties) person or institiution given the power to decide in a dispute. An arbiter has the power to decide in any sort of controversy.
They can leave questions of law to the decision of a tribunal, but they cannot make it the final arbiter on a question of law.
arbitration (noun ): the reference of a dispute to an impartial (third) person chosen by the parties who agree in advance to abide by the arbitration award issued after the hearing at which both parties have an opportunity to be heard. An arbitration proceeding is a form of alternative dispute resolution which is held outside of court.
The parties decided to refer the dispute to arbitration pursuant to the terms of their agreement.
arbitrage (noun ): the simultaneous buying and selling of currencies or securities at two different prices in two different markets to profit from price discrepancies (=differences between two things that should be the same).
Index arbitrage and outright manipulation have come to dominate trading in some areas.
Source: Translegal
This video is presented by TransLegal - the world leader in Legal English
4.13.2011
DURMA-SE COM UM BARULHO DESSES!
Embora francês não seja minha praia, transcrevo abaixo uma dúvida em uma lista de tradutores só para mostrar como traduzir é uma coisa complexa:
"Troisième" em "Il lui restait deux semaines avant son examen de passage en troisième." seria traduzido como ou teria qual equivalência no sistema educacional brasileiro?
Resposta 1: Oitava série do ensino fundamental.
Resposta 2: O sistema escolar francês conta os anos de trás para frente: a "première" (terminale) é o 3º ano colegial. Portanto a "troisième" é o 1º ano colegial.
"Troisième" em "Il lui restait deux semaines avant son examen de passage en troisième." seria traduzido como ou teria qual equivalência no sistema educacional brasileiro?
Resposta 1: Oitava série do ensino fundamental.
Resposta 2: O sistema escolar francês conta os anos de trás para frente: a "première" (terminale) é o 3º ano colegial. Portanto a "troisième" é o 1º ano colegial.
4.12.2011
COUNTENANCE= APPROVE, SUPPORT >< DENY, DISAGREE, DISAPPROVE, DISCOURAGE, FIGHT, OPPOSE, REFUSE
To give sanction or support to; tolerate or approve: The college administration will not countenance cheating or plagiarism.
• To lend supportive approval to: encourage, favor, smile on (or upon). See support/oppose.
• To be favorably disposed toward: approve, favor, hold with. Informal go for. Idioms: take kindly to. See praise/blame.
This is a danger we will not countenance. = Este é um risco com que não contemporizamos.
The time has come now to countenance a qualitatively different policy response. = Chegou a altura de sancionar uma resposta política qualitativamente diferente.
We will not countenance quick profits for the companies at the expense of employees and quality. = Não iremos aceitar os lucros rápidos dos fornecedores privados à custa dos empregados e da qualidade dos serviços postais.
We cannot countenance any form of harmonization which would have the effect of curtailing their rights or of reducing their income. = Em caso algum aceitamos que a harmonização constitua um instrumento de redução dos seus direitos e dos seu rendimentos.
This is why I cannot countenance leaving open-ended the possibility of an even higher percentage of European Union GDP being committed to cohesion policies. = É por isso que não posso sancionar a possibilidade de deixar em aberto que uma percentagem ainda mais elevada do PIB da UE seja destinada a políticas de coesão.
It is outrageous that the EU's farmers cannot countenance such imports when they themselves each year pump 8.8 million tons of EU-subsidised sugar out onto the world market. = É inadmissível que os agricultores da UE não possam concordar com esta importação, quando eles próprios lançam 8,8 milhões de toneladas de açúcar, produzido com auxílio da UE, no mercado mundial.
Unless we are prepared to countenance a crisis within EU institutions = A menos que estejamos dispostos a aceitar uma crise dentro das instituições da UE.
Fonte: Linguee et al
• To lend supportive approval to: encourage, favor, smile on (or upon). See support/oppose.
• To be favorably disposed toward: approve, favor, hold with. Informal go for. Idioms: take kindly to. See praise/blame.
This is a danger we will not countenance. = Este é um risco com que não contemporizamos.
The time has come now to countenance a qualitatively different policy response. = Chegou a altura de sancionar uma resposta política qualitativamente diferente.
We will not countenance quick profits for the companies at the expense of employees and quality. = Não iremos aceitar os lucros rápidos dos fornecedores privados à custa dos empregados e da qualidade dos serviços postais.
We cannot countenance any form of harmonization which would have the effect of curtailing their rights or of reducing their income. = Em caso algum aceitamos que a harmonização constitua um instrumento de redução dos seus direitos e dos seu rendimentos.
This is why I cannot countenance leaving open-ended the possibility of an even higher percentage of European Union GDP being committed to cohesion policies. = É por isso que não posso sancionar a possibilidade de deixar em aberto que uma percentagem ainda mais elevada do PIB da UE seja destinada a políticas de coesão.
It is outrageous that the EU's farmers cannot countenance such imports when they themselves each year pump 8.8 million tons of EU-subsidised sugar out onto the world market. = É inadmissível que os agricultores da UE não possam concordar com esta importação, quando eles próprios lançam 8,8 milhões de toneladas de açúcar, produzido com auxílio da UE, no mercado mundial.
Unless we are prepared to countenance a crisis within EU institutions = A menos que estejamos dispostos a aceitar uma crise dentro das instituições da UE.
Fonte: Linguee et al
SEGUE = CONTINUE = GO ON = CARRY ON = PROCEED
Verb: proceed without interruption; in music or talk; "He segued into another discourse". / continue, go on, carry on, proceed: We then segued into a conversation about the role on play in childhood
Noun: An act or instance of segueing. The Segway was a good idea, and perhaps it's main accomplishment was it's name as it was a segue to now. A `segue` is a smooth transition from one topic or section to the next.
1. Music. To make a transition directly from one section or theme to another.
2. To move smoothly and unhesitatingly from one state, condition, situation, or element to another: "Daylight segued into dusk" (Susan Dworski).
She then segued into discussion of women's rights.
He segued into a job as policeman for two and a half years.
Housing slowdown hasn't segued into renting boom
More importantly, you’ve segued into a presentation they’ll listen to without questioning the source.
This segued into a discussion of the project .
Noun: An act or instance of segueing. The Segway was a good idea, and perhaps it's main accomplishment was it's name as it was a segue to now. A `segue` is a smooth transition from one topic or section to the next.
1. Music. To make a transition directly from one section or theme to another.
2. To move smoothly and unhesitatingly from one state, condition, situation, or element to another: "Daylight segued into dusk" (Susan Dworski).
She then segued into discussion of women's rights.
He segued into a job as policeman for two and a half years.
Housing slowdown hasn't segued into renting boom
More importantly, you’ve segued into a presentation they’ll listen to without questioning the source.
This segued into a discussion of the project .
FULANO, SICRANO, BELTRANO = [USA:] JOHN DOE, MR SO-AND-SO, MR SUCH-AND-SUCH or TOM, DICK AND HARRY| or EVERYBODY = [UK:] JOE BLOGGS
The name "John Doe" is used as a placeholder name in a legal action, case or discussion for a male party, whose true identity is unknown or must be withheld for legal reasons. The name is also used to refer to a male corpse or hospital patient whose identity is unknown. This practice is widely used in the United States and Canada, but is rare in other English-speaking countries (including the United Kingdom itself, from where its use in a legal context originates – see Origin below). The name Joe Bloggs is used in the U.K instead, as well as in Australia and New Zealand.
John Doe is sometimes used to refer to a typical male in other contexts as well, in a similar manner as John Q. Public, Joe Public or John Smith.
The female equivalent of John is Jane Doe, whilst a child or baby whose identity is unknown may be referred to as Baby Doe. A notorious murder case in Kansas City, Missouri referred to the baby victim as Precious Doe. Other unidentified female murder victims are Cali Doe and Princess Doe. Additional persons may be called James Doe, Judy Doe, etc. However, to avoid possible confusion, if two anonymous or unknown parties are cited in a specific case or action, the surnames Doe and Roe may be used simultaneously; for example, "John Doe v. Jane Roe". Other variations are John Stiles and Richard Miles, now rarely used, and Mary Major, which has been used in some American federal cases.
The Doe names are often, though not always, used for anonymous or unknown defendants. Another set of names often used for anonymous parties, particularly plaintiffs, are Richard Roe for males and Jane Roe for females (as in the landmark U.S. Supreme Court abortion decision Roe v. Wade).
The terms Average Joe, Ordinary Joe, John Doe, Joe Sixpack (for males) and Ordinary or Average Jane (for females), are used primarily in the United States to refer to the average American.
Fulano de Tal = Mr. So-and-so
fulano, sicrano e beltrano = John Doe, Mr. So-and-So, Mr. Such-and-Such ou Tom, Dick and Harry ou Everybody
John Doe is sometimes used to refer to a typical male in other contexts as well, in a similar manner as John Q. Public, Joe Public or John Smith.
The female equivalent of John is Jane Doe, whilst a child or baby whose identity is unknown may be referred to as Baby Doe. A notorious murder case in Kansas City, Missouri referred to the baby victim as Precious Doe. Other unidentified female murder victims are Cali Doe and Princess Doe. Additional persons may be called James Doe, Judy Doe, etc. However, to avoid possible confusion, if two anonymous or unknown parties are cited in a specific case or action, the surnames Doe and Roe may be used simultaneously; for example, "John Doe v. Jane Roe". Other variations are John Stiles and Richard Miles, now rarely used, and Mary Major, which has been used in some American federal cases.
The Doe names are often, though not always, used for anonymous or unknown defendants. Another set of names often used for anonymous parties, particularly plaintiffs, are Richard Roe for males and Jane Roe for females (as in the landmark U.S. Supreme Court abortion decision Roe v. Wade).
The terms Average Joe, Ordinary Joe, John Doe, Joe Sixpack (for males) and Ordinary or Average Jane (for females), are used primarily in the United States to refer to the average American.
Fulano de Tal = Mr. So-and-so
fulano, sicrano e beltrano = John Doe, Mr. So-and-So, Mr. Such-and-Such ou Tom, Dick and Harry ou Everybody
4.11.2011
"OMG! LOL's in the OED. LMAO!"
If you find the above string of letters utterly unintelligible, you are clearly an internet "noob". The internet slang term "LOL" (laughing out loud) has been added to the Oxford English Dictionary, to the mild dismay of language purists. The OED defines LOL as an interjection "used chiefly in electronic communications... to draw attention to a joke or humorous statement, or to express amusement". The phrase was ushered in alongside OMG (Oh My God), with dictionary guardians pointing to their growing occurrence "in e-mails, texts, social networking... and even in spoken use".
LOL-ternatives
• :D (smileys) - Simple and clear but may appear childish. Are you a Comic Sans fan?
• ROFL, LMAO, BWL (Rolling On the Floor, Laughing / Laughing My Ass Off / Bursting With Laughter) - Even more annoying than LOL.
• !!! - One is fine, three reeks of desperation: 'Look!!! I made a joke!!!' Yes, we noticed.
• Haha, Hehehe, Arf arf - The safe option. Effective but not very imaginative. Were you really laughing?
• Hilarious! How funny! - You are living in the dark ages.
Source: Migalhas
LOL-ternatives
• :D (smileys) - Simple and clear but may appear childish. Are you a Comic Sans fan?
• ROFL, LMAO, BWL (Rolling On the Floor, Laughing / Laughing My Ass Off / Bursting With Laughter) - Even more annoying than LOL.
• !!! - One is fine, three reeks of desperation: 'Look!!! I made a joke!!!' Yes, we noticed.
• Haha, Hehehe, Arf arf - The safe option. Effective but not very imaginative. Were you really laughing?
• Hilarious! How funny! - You are living in the dark ages.
Source: Migalhas
4.06.2011
#
Number sign is a name for the symbol #, which is used for a variety of purposes including, in some countries, the designation of a number (for example, "#1" stands for "number one").
United States: this symbol is usually called the pound sign, and the key bearing this symbol on touch-tone phones is called the pound key.
Canada: this key is most frequently called the number sign key.
UK and other English-speaking countries outside North America: the symbol is usually called the hash, and the corresponding telephone key is the hash key.
Brasil: JOGO DA VELHA ou CERQUILHA
[o verdadeiro "jogo da velha" é "tick-tack-toe/tic-tac-toe/tit-tat-toe" ou "noughts and crosses[UK]"]
United States: this symbol is usually called the pound sign, and the key bearing this symbol on touch-tone phones is called the pound key.
Canada: this key is most frequently called the number sign key.
UK and other English-speaking countries outside North America: the symbol is usually called the hash, and the corresponding telephone key is the hash key.
Brasil: JOGO DA VELHA ou CERQUILHA
[o verdadeiro "jogo da velha" é "tick-tack-toe/tic-tac-toe/tit-tat-toe" ou "noughts and crosses[UK]"]
4.03.2011
AS DEZ MAIORES DÚVIDAS DE PORTUGUÊS
[...] [leia o artigo completo em: http: http://veja.abril.com.br/blog/sobre-palavras/]
1. Risco de vida ou risco de morte?
A pressão social pelo uso de “risco de morte”, expressão emergente, como se houvesse algo errado no consagrado “risco de vida” que herdamos de nossos tataravós, é uma questão com que se defronta qualquer pessoa menos distraída no Brasil de hoje. [...]compreender que risco de vida é risco para a vida, ou seja, risco de (perder a) vida. ...Muita gente engoliu desde então o risco de morte. ... [leia o artigo completo em: http://veja.abril.com.br/blog/sobre-palavras/consultorio/risco-de-vida-ou-risco-de-morte/]
2. Presidenta x presidente: a língua também pode ser política
3. Americano, norte-americano ou estadunidense?
[...] [...os termos americano, norte-americano e estadunidense são opções vocabulares à disposição do falante de português] [leia o artigo completo em: http://veja.abril.com.br/blog/sobre-palavras/consultorio/americano-norte-americano-ou-estadunidense/]
4. Todos e todas, brasileiros e brasileiras
5. ‘Como lhe aprouver’: isso existe?
6. A pronúncia de ‘subsídio’: erro hoje, regra amanhã?
7. Através ou por meio?
8. Por que escrevemos ‘muito’ e falamos ‘muinto’
9. História x estória, um conflito histórico
10. Ioga ou yôga? Respire fundo...
1. Risco de vida ou risco de morte?
A pressão social pelo uso de “risco de morte”, expressão emergente, como se houvesse algo errado no consagrado “risco de vida” que herdamos de nossos tataravós, é uma questão com que se defronta qualquer pessoa menos distraída no Brasil de hoje. [...]compreender que risco de vida é risco para a vida, ou seja, risco de (perder a) vida. ...Muita gente engoliu desde então o risco de morte. ... [leia o artigo completo em: http://veja.abril.com.br/blog/sobre-palavras/consultorio/risco-de-vida-ou-risco-de-morte/]
2. Presidenta x presidente: a língua também pode ser política
3. Americano, norte-americano ou estadunidense?
[...] [...os termos americano, norte-americano e estadunidense são opções vocabulares à disposição do falante de português] [leia o artigo completo em: http://veja.abril.com.br/blog/sobre-palavras/consultorio/americano-norte-americano-ou-estadunidense/]
4. Todos e todas, brasileiros e brasileiras
5. ‘Como lhe aprouver’: isso existe?
6. A pronúncia de ‘subsídio’: erro hoje, regra amanhã?
7. Através ou por meio?
8. Por que escrevemos ‘muito’ e falamos ‘muinto’
9. História x estória, um conflito histórico
10. Ioga ou yôga? Respire fundo...
4.02.2011
EM BAIXO ou EMBAIXO? EMBAIXO >< EM CIMA
"...embaixo da cama", diz a letra. E se fosse "em cima da cama"? Nesse caso, deveríamos usar duas palavras: "em" e "cima". Mas "embaixo" constitui uma única palavra.
Se a palavra "baixo" for adjetivo, então ela será autônoma, como neste exemplo:
Ele sempre se expressa em baixo calão, em baixa linguagem.
De resto, o contrário de "em cima" é "embaixo".
Fonte: http://redacaoescola.blogspot.com/2008/02/embaixo-ou-em-baixo.html
Se a palavra "baixo" for adjetivo, então ela será autônoma, como neste exemplo:
Ele sempre se expressa em baixo calão, em baixa linguagem.
De resto, o contrário de "em cima" é "embaixo".
Fonte: http://redacaoescola.blogspot.com/2008/02/embaixo-ou-em-baixo.html
3.30.2011
INTERNETÊS > INTERNETESE
"My smmr hols wr CWOT. B4, we used 2go2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & thr 3 :-@ kids FTF. ILNY, it's a gr8 plc."
It is translated like this: "My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three screaming kids face to face. I love New York. It's a great place."
Veja a lista completa de text messaging lingo: http://www.netlingo.com/acronyms.php
Bloggable = serve para blog
heart = I heart this song
LOL = Laughing Out Loud = Morrendo de rir
Nom-nom (comida deliciosa)
OMG = Oh, my God!
onliner = plugado
TBH To Be Honest (Quer a verdade?)
TMI = Too Much Information = Informação demais
WAG = wives and girlfriends = maria chuteira
mommy-save = Slang for the act of indiscriminately clicking 'Save' without first choosing an appropriate folder to in which to store the document. Common among newbies (e.g., moms) who don't understand the concept of folders, directories, etc., as in "All of his papers and correspondence were mommy-saved in the MS Word folder."
It is translated like this: "My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three screaming kids face to face. I love New York. It's a great place."
Veja a lista completa de text messaging lingo: http://www.netlingo.com/acronyms.php
Bloggable = serve para blog
heart = I heart this song
LOL = Laughing Out Loud = Morrendo de rir
Nom-nom (comida deliciosa)
OMG = Oh, my God!
onliner = plugado
TBH To Be Honest (Quer a verdade?)
TMI = Too Much Information = Informação demais
WAG = wives and girlfriends = maria chuteira
mommy-save = Slang for the act of indiscriminately clicking 'Save' without first choosing an appropriate folder to in which to store the document. Common among newbies (e.g., moms) who don't understand the concept of folders, directories, etc., as in "All of his papers and correspondence were mommy-saved in the MS Word folder."
3.29.2011
SPECIAL, ESPECIAL, SPECIFIC, PARTICULAR, INDIVIDUAL
Relating to one thing or class.
special stresses having a quality, character, identity, or use of its own [special ingredients]
especial may add implications of preeminence or preference [a matter of especial importance]
specific implies a quality or character distinguishing a kind or a species [children with specific needs]
particular stresses the distinctness of something as an individual [a ballet step of particular difficulty]
individual implies unequivocal reference to one of a class or group [valued each individual opinion]
Source: Webster's
special stresses having a quality, character, identity, or use of its own [special ingredients]
especial may add implications of preeminence or preference [a matter of especial importance]
specific implies a quality or character distinguishing a kind or a species [children with specific needs]
particular stresses the distinctness of something as an individual [a ballet step of particular difficulty]
individual implies unequivocal reference to one of a class or group [valued each individual opinion]
Source: Webster's
Top 10 most annoying Americanisms
By Toby Harnden
Michelle Obama just sent me an email wishing me “Happy Holidays” and asking me to give money “to causes that are especially meaningful to me and my family” (food banks and deployed troops – not the Obama campaign this time).
She doesn’t mention Christmas at all, instead talking vaguely of “a time to celebrate our blessings, the new year, and a new era for our country”.
The term “Happy Holidays” is certainly one that grates on this British ear and I confess it’s not the only one. Every day, I have to navigate the common language which, as George Bernard Shaw put it, divides our two nations.
But I don’t mean simple Americanisms like stroller (pushchair), diaper (nappy), ladybug (ladybird), Mom (Mum), entrée (main course), Santa (Father Christmas), takeout (takeaway), pre-owned (secondhand), mad (angry), chill (calm down), Santa (Father Christmas) etc etc but the phrases that really make you want to go postal.
Here are the top 10 that, after nearly seven years here, infuriate me most:
1. “Happy Holidays.”Translation: “Merry Christmas but I realise you might be Jewish, Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim, Bahai, something even more exotic, agnostic or Godless and I don’t want to offend you.”
2. “Have a Nice Day.” Translation: “I would like you to have a pleasant time today” or “I hate you” – or anything in between.
3. “You’re welcome.” Translation: Meaningless Pavlovian response to thank you.
4. “Do the math.” Translation: “Work it out yourself, stupid.”
5. “Let’s visit with each other.” Translation: “We should spend time together.”
6. “How are you today?” Translation: “We mean nothing to each other, but let’s pretend.”
7. “Good luck with that.” Translation: “You have no chance at all.”
8. “Oh my gosh!“ Translation: “I fear you may feel that taking the Lord’s name in vain is blasphemous.”
9. “Can I use your bathroom?“ Translation: “I would like to use your lavatory.”
10. “Not so much.” Translation: “That’s completely wrong.” Used on me in classic fashion by a Clinton aide back in February.
Maybe there are others that make your blood boil – or some Britishisms that really get under your skin.
http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/tobyharnden/6043777/Top_10_most_annoying_Americanisms/
Michelle Obama just sent me an email wishing me “Happy Holidays” and asking me to give money “to causes that are especially meaningful to me and my family” (food banks and deployed troops – not the Obama campaign this time).
She doesn’t mention Christmas at all, instead talking vaguely of “a time to celebrate our blessings, the new year, and a new era for our country”.
The term “Happy Holidays” is certainly one that grates on this British ear and I confess it’s not the only one. Every day, I have to navigate the common language which, as George Bernard Shaw put it, divides our two nations.
But I don’t mean simple Americanisms like stroller (pushchair), diaper (nappy), ladybug (ladybird), Mom (Mum), entrée (main course), Santa (Father Christmas), takeout (takeaway), pre-owned (secondhand), mad (angry), chill (calm down), Santa (Father Christmas) etc etc but the phrases that really make you want to go postal.
Here are the top 10 that, after nearly seven years here, infuriate me most:
1. “Happy Holidays.”Translation: “Merry Christmas but I realise you might be Jewish, Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim, Bahai, something even more exotic, agnostic or Godless and I don’t want to offend you.”
2. “Have a Nice Day.” Translation: “I would like you to have a pleasant time today” or “I hate you” – or anything in between.
3. “You’re welcome.” Translation: Meaningless Pavlovian response to thank you.
4. “Do the math.” Translation: “Work it out yourself, stupid.”
5. “Let’s visit with each other.” Translation: “We should spend time together.”
6. “How are you today?” Translation: “We mean nothing to each other, but let’s pretend.”
7. “Good luck with that.” Translation: “You have no chance at all.”
8. “Oh my gosh!“ Translation: “I fear you may feel that taking the Lord’s name in vain is blasphemous.”
9. “Can I use your bathroom?“ Translation: “I would like to use your lavatory.”
10. “Not so much.” Translation: “That’s completely wrong.” Used on me in classic fashion by a Clinton aide back in February.
Maybe there are others that make your blood boil – or some Britishisms that really get under your skin.
http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/tobyharnden/6043777/Top_10_most_annoying_Americanisms/
Americanisms
If you use Americanisms just to show you know them, people may find you a tad tiresome, so be discriminating. Many American words and expressions have passed into the language; others have vigour, particularly if used sparingly. Some are short and to the point (so prefer lay off to make redundant). But many are unnecessarily long (so use and not additionally, car not automobile, company not corporation, court not courtroom or courthouse, transport not transportation, district not neighbourhood, oblige not obligate, rocket not skyrocket, stocks not inventories unless there is the risk of confusion with stocks and shares). Spat and scam, two words beloved by some journalists, have the merit of brevity, but so do row and fraud; squabble and swindle might sometimes be used instead. The military, used as a noun, is nearly always better put as the army. Gubernatorial is an ugly word that can almost always be avoided.
Other Americanisms are euphemistic or obscure (so avoid affirmative action, rookies, end runs, stand-offs, point men, ball games and almost all other American sporting terms). Do not write meet with or outside of: outside America, nowadays, you just meet people. Do not figure out if you can work out. To deliver on a promise means to keep it. A parking lot is a car park. Use senior rather than ranking, rumpus rather than ruckus,and rumbustious rather than rambunctious.
Put adverbs where you would put them in normal speech, which is usually after the verb (not before it, which usually is where Americans put them). Choose tenses according to British usage, too. In particular, do not fight shy—as Americans often do—of the perfect tense, especially where no date or time is given. Thus Mr Bush has woken up to the danger is preferable to Mr Bush woke up to the danger, unless you can add last week or when he heard the explosion.
Prefer doctors to physicians and lawyers to attorneys. They rest from their labours at weekends, not on them and during the week their children are at school, not in it.
In an American context you may run for office (but please stand in countries with parliamentary systems) and your car may sometimes run on gasoline instead of petrol. But if you use corn in the American sense you should explain that this is maize to most people (unless it is an old chestnut). Trains run from railway stations, not train stations. The people in them, and on buses, are passengers, not riders. Cars are hired, not rented. City centres are not central cities. Cricket is a game not a sport. London is the country's capital, not the nation's. Ex-servicemen are not necessarily veterans. In Britain, though cattle and pigs may be raised, children are (or should be) brought up.
Make a deep study or even a study in depth, but not an in-depth study. On-site inspections are allowed, but not in-flight entertainment. Throw stones, not rocks, unless they are of slate, which can also mean abuse (as a verb) but does not, in Britain, mean predict, schedule or nominate. Regular is not a synonym for ordinary or normal: Mussolini brought in the regular train, All-Bran the regular man; it is quite normal to be without either. Hikes are walks, not increases. Vegetables, not teenagers, should be fresh. Only the speechless are dumb, the well-dressed smart and the insane mad. Scenarios are best kept for the theatre, postures for the gym, parameters for the parabola.
Grow a beard or a tomato but not a company. By all means call for a record profit if you wish to exhort the workers, but not if you merely predict one. And do not post it if it has been achieved. If it has not, look for someone new to head the company, not to head it up.
You may program a computer but in all other contexts the word is programme.
Try not to verb nouns or to adjective them. So do not access files, haemorrhage red ink (haemorrhage is a noun), let one event impact another, author books (still less co-author them), critique style sheets, host parties, pressure colleagues (press will do), progress reports, trial programmes or loan money. Gunned down means shot. And though it is sometimes necessary to use nouns as adjectives, there is no need to call an attempted coup a coup attempt or the Californian legislature the California legislature. Vilest of all is the habit of throwing together several nouns into one ghastly adjectival reticule: Texas millionaire real-estate developer and failed thrift entrepreneur Hiram Turnipseed...
Do not feel obliged to follow American fashion in overusing such words as constituency (try supporters), perception (try belief or view) and rhetoric (of which there is too little, not too much—try language or speeches or exaggeration if that is what you mean). And if you must use American expressions, use them correctly (a rain-check does not imply checking on the shower activity).
http://www.economist.com/research/styleguide/index.cfm?page=673931
Other Americanisms are euphemistic or obscure (so avoid affirmative action, rookies, end runs, stand-offs, point men, ball games and almost all other American sporting terms). Do not write meet with or outside of: outside America, nowadays, you just meet people. Do not figure out if you can work out. To deliver on a promise means to keep it. A parking lot is a car park. Use senior rather than ranking, rumpus rather than ruckus,and rumbustious rather than rambunctious.
Put adverbs where you would put them in normal speech, which is usually after the verb (not before it, which usually is where Americans put them). Choose tenses according to British usage, too. In particular, do not fight shy—as Americans often do—of the perfect tense, especially where no date or time is given. Thus Mr Bush has woken up to the danger is preferable to Mr Bush woke up to the danger, unless you can add last week or when he heard the explosion.
Prefer doctors to physicians and lawyers to attorneys. They rest from their labours at weekends, not on them and during the week their children are at school, not in it.
In an American context you may run for office (but please stand in countries with parliamentary systems) and your car may sometimes run on gasoline instead of petrol. But if you use corn in the American sense you should explain that this is maize to most people (unless it is an old chestnut). Trains run from railway stations, not train stations. The people in them, and on buses, are passengers, not riders. Cars are hired, not rented. City centres are not central cities. Cricket is a game not a sport. London is the country's capital, not the nation's. Ex-servicemen are not necessarily veterans. In Britain, though cattle and pigs may be raised, children are (or should be) brought up.
Make a deep study or even a study in depth, but not an in-depth study. On-site inspections are allowed, but not in-flight entertainment. Throw stones, not rocks, unless they are of slate, which can also mean abuse (as a verb) but does not, in Britain, mean predict, schedule or nominate. Regular is not a synonym for ordinary or normal: Mussolini brought in the regular train, All-Bran the regular man; it is quite normal to be without either. Hikes are walks, not increases. Vegetables, not teenagers, should be fresh. Only the speechless are dumb, the well-dressed smart and the insane mad. Scenarios are best kept for the theatre, postures for the gym, parameters for the parabola.
Grow a beard or a tomato but not a company. By all means call for a record profit if you wish to exhort the workers, but not if you merely predict one. And do not post it if it has been achieved. If it has not, look for someone new to head the company, not to head it up.
You may program a computer but in all other contexts the word is programme.
Try not to verb nouns or to adjective them. So do not access files, haemorrhage red ink (haemorrhage is a noun), let one event impact another, author books (still less co-author them), critique style sheets, host parties, pressure colleagues (press will do), progress reports, trial programmes or loan money. Gunned down means shot. And though it is sometimes necessary to use nouns as adjectives, there is no need to call an attempted coup a coup attempt or the Californian legislature the California legislature. Vilest of all is the habit of throwing together several nouns into one ghastly adjectival reticule: Texas millionaire real-estate developer and failed thrift entrepreneur Hiram Turnipseed...
Do not feel obliged to follow American fashion in overusing such words as constituency (try supporters), perception (try belief or view) and rhetoric (of which there is too little, not too much—try language or speeches or exaggeration if that is what you mean). And if you must use American expressions, use them correctly (a rain-check does not imply checking on the shower activity).
http://www.economist.com/research/styleguide/index.cfm?page=673931
Top 10 most annoying Britishisms
By Toby Harnden ---------------------------------------
Well, I rattle off a cheery pre-Christmas blog post about annoying Americanisms and, Bob’s your uncle, my inbox fills up with beastly rotten emails full of effing and blinding. Gordon Bennett! Excuse me, but there’s no need for people to get the hump or their knickers in a twist. I was only just trying to wind you up.
It’s not like I think we British are the dog’s bollocks. It’s only a laugh, init? So, in the spirit of promoting transatlantic balance, having browned off all those whose country was terribly late for the last two world wars I’ll now gratuitously offend those whose country needed baling out by the Yanks twice in a century.
So, have a butcher’s at this: my top 10 list of most annoying Britishisms, those phrases that banish any thoughts of homesickness and make me thank the Lord that the land of my forefathers is an ocean away and have a sudden desire to be very rude about the Queen:
1. “Know what I mean?“
Translation: Meaningless phrase added to the end of a sentence, usually by someone who is either stating the bleeding obvious or is making no sense at all. Sometimes used as an innuendo to imply something dirty’s going on, as in this classic Monty Python sketch.
2. “Take a pew.“
Translation: “Have a seat.” Usually deployed by a member of the older generation trying to be something of a card. Once you’ve sat down, the same old codger may well ask you: “What’s your poison?” (translation: “What can I offer you to drink?”)
3. “At the end of the day.“
Translation: “In summary.” The type of long-winded inanity – “when all’s said and done” means much the same thing – is beloved of football managers and airheads like the Spice Girls.
4. “It’ll sort itself out, dear.“
Translation: “If I ignore it and do nothing then maybe the problem will go away.” Often used by the emotionally stunted British male (probably educated at a public school) telling his wife not to worry, instead of trying to intervene, understand or help her.
5. “With all due respect.”
Translation: “I am about to insult you.” Sometimes used out of mock politeness, sometimes from an excess of deference to someone above one’s station in class-ridden British society.
6. “I’m feeling a little poorly.“
Translation: “I’m as sick as a dog, perhaps even at death’s door.” (an understament, or alternatively a wheedling plea by a malingerer or a hypochondriac). In its worst form, a whine by an English person (particularly a Northerner) who wants a day off work because of a minor or imagined cold. Not to be confused with something done badly or with being broke.
7. “It’s rather warm.“
Translation: “It’s as hot as s***t.” Classic British understatement, part of the national fondness for euphemism rather than telling it straight. I once used this phrase is Las Vegas when the temperature was soaring above 110 degrees. The translation was provided by a bemused local.
8. “He’s doing my head in, he is.“
Translation: “He’s driving me crazy.” Usually with the all the hs dropped. The superfluous “he is” is tagged on the end of many phrases by the British in the vain hope of giving added weight to what they are saying.
9. “I’m gobsmacked.“
Translation: “I’m shocked and stunned into silence.” I first remember this being used Bet Lynch in the soap opera Coronation Street, who, for upper crust types, was the epitome of someone as common as muck. A mildly vulgar phrase but, of course, the British are a people much given to over-the-top vulgarity these days, even by “celebrities” on television. As reader Edward Rogers put it (his emphasis) in an email to me: “If you can get Gordon Ramsey to stop using the F-Word as a noun,adjective, pronoun and an adverb, I’ll do my best to stop the phrases that annoy you.”
10. ”Ah, Bless.“
Translation: “Isn’t that sweet.” Used in a patronising or ironic tone. If someone says this to you and about you, you’ll probably – and justifiably – want to punch them.
(...) Next up, I’m thinking of a list of useful American words for which there is no British equivalent, like “segue” and “no-brainer”.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
BTW, it's rather warm today...
Well, I rattle off a cheery pre-Christmas blog post about annoying Americanisms and, Bob’s your uncle, my inbox fills up with beastly rotten emails full of effing and blinding. Gordon Bennett! Excuse me, but there’s no need for people to get the hump or their knickers in a twist. I was only just trying to wind you up.
It’s not like I think we British are the dog’s bollocks. It’s only a laugh, init? So, in the spirit of promoting transatlantic balance, having browned off all those whose country was terribly late for the last two world wars I’ll now gratuitously offend those whose country needed baling out by the Yanks twice in a century.
So, have a butcher’s at this: my top 10 list of most annoying Britishisms, those phrases that banish any thoughts of homesickness and make me thank the Lord that the land of my forefathers is an ocean away and have a sudden desire to be very rude about the Queen:
1. “Know what I mean?“
Translation: Meaningless phrase added to the end of a sentence, usually by someone who is either stating the bleeding obvious or is making no sense at all. Sometimes used as an innuendo to imply something dirty’s going on, as in this classic Monty Python sketch.
2. “Take a pew.“
Translation: “Have a seat.” Usually deployed by a member of the older generation trying to be something of a card. Once you’ve sat down, the same old codger may well ask you: “What’s your poison?” (translation: “What can I offer you to drink?”)
3. “At the end of the day.“
Translation: “In summary.” The type of long-winded inanity – “when all’s said and done” means much the same thing – is beloved of football managers and airheads like the Spice Girls.
4. “It’ll sort itself out, dear.“
Translation: “If I ignore it and do nothing then maybe the problem will go away.” Often used by the emotionally stunted British male (probably educated at a public school) telling his wife not to worry, instead of trying to intervene, understand or help her.
5. “With all due respect.”
Translation: “I am about to insult you.” Sometimes used out of mock politeness, sometimes from an excess of deference to someone above one’s station in class-ridden British society.
6. “I’m feeling a little poorly.“
Translation: “I’m as sick as a dog, perhaps even at death’s door.” (an understament, or alternatively a wheedling plea by a malingerer or a hypochondriac). In its worst form, a whine by an English person (particularly a Northerner) who wants a day off work because of a minor or imagined cold. Not to be confused with something done badly or with being broke.
7. “It’s rather warm.“
Translation: “It’s as hot as s***t.” Classic British understatement, part of the national fondness for euphemism rather than telling it straight. I once used this phrase is Las Vegas when the temperature was soaring above 110 degrees. The translation was provided by a bemused local.
8. “He’s doing my head in, he is.“
Translation: “He’s driving me crazy.” Usually with the all the hs dropped. The superfluous “he is” is tagged on the end of many phrases by the British in the vain hope of giving added weight to what they are saying.
9. “I’m gobsmacked.“
Translation: “I’m shocked and stunned into silence.” I first remember this being used Bet Lynch in the soap opera Coronation Street, who, for upper crust types, was the epitome of someone as common as muck. A mildly vulgar phrase but, of course, the British are a people much given to over-the-top vulgarity these days, even by “celebrities” on television. As reader Edward Rogers put it (his emphasis) in an email to me: “If you can get Gordon Ramsey to stop using the F-Word as a noun,adjective, pronoun and an adverb, I’ll do my best to stop the phrases that annoy you.”
10. ”Ah, Bless.“
Translation: “Isn’t that sweet.” Used in a patronising or ironic tone. If someone says this to you and about you, you’ll probably – and justifiably – want to punch them.
(...) Next up, I’m thinking of a list of useful American words for which there is no British equivalent, like “segue” and “no-brainer”.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
BTW, it's rather warm today...
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