The judgment of a court is simply the decision of the court on a particular matter or case, but the spelling of judgment is not so simple. In fact spelling it with two "E"s can set off some readers, including professors and judges ...
Source: Translegal
11.30.2010
11.19.2010
ATTORNEY / BARRISTER / LAWYER / SOLICITOR
In practice, legal jurisdictions exercise their right to determine who is recognized as being a lawyer; as a result, the meaning of the term "lawyer" may vary from place to place.[4]
In Australia the word "lawyer" is used to refer to both barristers and solicitors (whether in private practice or practising as corporate in-house counsel).
In Canada, the word "lawyer" only refers to individuals who have been called to the bar or have qualified as civil law notaries in the province of Quebec. Common law lawyers in Canada may also be known as "barristers and solicitors", but should not be referred to as "attorneys", since that term has a different meaning in Canadian usage. However, in Quebec, civil law advocates (or avocats in French) often call themselves "attorney" and sometimes "barrister and solicitor".
In England and Wales, "lawyer" is used loosely to refer to a broad variety of law-trained persons. It includes practitioners such as barristers, solicitors, legal executives and licensed conveyancers; and people who are involved with the law but do not practise it on behalf of individual clients, such as judges, court clerks, and drafters of legislation.
In India, the term "lawyer" is often colloquially used, but the official term is "advocate" as prescribed under the Advocates Act, 1961.[5]
In Scotland, the word "lawyer" refers to a more specific group of legally trained people. It specifically includes advocates and solicitors. In a generic sense, it may also include judges and law-trained support staff.
In the United States, the term generally refers to attorneys who may practice law; it is never used to refer to patent agents[6] or paralegals.[7]
Other nations tend to have comparable terms for the analogous concept.
Source: Answers.com
In Australia the word "lawyer" is used to refer to both barristers and solicitors (whether in private practice or practising as corporate in-house counsel).
In Canada, the word "lawyer" only refers to individuals who have been called to the bar or have qualified as civil law notaries in the province of Quebec. Common law lawyers in Canada may also be known as "barristers and solicitors", but should not be referred to as "attorneys", since that term has a different meaning in Canadian usage. However, in Quebec, civil law advocates (or avocats in French) often call themselves "attorney" and sometimes "barrister and solicitor".
In England and Wales, "lawyer" is used loosely to refer to a broad variety of law-trained persons. It includes practitioners such as barristers, solicitors, legal executives and licensed conveyancers; and people who are involved with the law but do not practise it on behalf of individual clients, such as judges, court clerks, and drafters of legislation.
In India, the term "lawyer" is often colloquially used, but the official term is "advocate" as prescribed under the Advocates Act, 1961.[5]
In Scotland, the word "lawyer" refers to a more specific group of legally trained people. It specifically includes advocates and solicitors. In a generic sense, it may also include judges and law-trained support staff.
In the United States, the term generally refers to attorneys who may practice law; it is never used to refer to patent agents[6] or paralegals.[7]
Other nations tend to have comparable terms for the analogous concept.
Source: Answers.com
11.09.2010
MAINSTREAM
n. The prevailing current of thought, influence, or activity:
"You need not accept the nominee's ideology, only be able to locate it in the American mainstream" (Charles Krauthammer).
adj. Representing the prevalent attitudes, values, and practices of a society or group: mainstream morality.
tr.v., -streamed, -stream·ing, -streams.
1.To integrate (a student with special needs) into regular school classes.
E.g.: We have already taken a number of proactive measures to mainstream disability equality
2.To incorporate into a prevailing group.
mainstreamer : n.
Source: Answers.com
"You need not accept the nominee's ideology, only be able to locate it in the American mainstream" (Charles Krauthammer).
adj. Representing the prevalent attitudes, values, and practices of a society or group: mainstream morality.
tr.v., -streamed, -stream·ing, -streams.
1.To integrate (a student with special needs) into regular school classes.
E.g.: We have already taken a number of proactive measures to mainstream disability equality
2.To incorporate into a prevailing group.
mainstreamer : n.
Source: Answers.com
11.07.2010
CARTA A UM JOVEM ESCRITOR
(também aplicável, MUTATIS MUTANDIS, a quem deseja ser tradutor)
Por: LEYLA PERRONE-MOISÉS
Prezadíssimo(a) candidato(a) a escritor(a),
Você me pergunta se seu texto é bom. Pergunta-o a mim, depois de o ter perguntado a outras pessoas. Manda-o a periódicos, compara-o com outros textos e inquieta-se quando suas tentativas são recusadas por um ou outro editor. Pois bem: usando da licença que me deu de aconselhá-lo(a), envio-lhe algumas instruções. Você está preocupado(a) com o valor de seu texto e isso é atualmente incerto. O "bom" ficou muito relativo.
Não há senão um caminho. Investigue o motivo que o manda escrever; examine se estende suas raízes pelos recantos mais profundos de sua alma; confesse a si mesmo: morrerá, se não for editado? Desistirá, se jamais ganhar algum prêmio? Isto, acima de tudo: pergunte a si mesmo na hora mais tranquila de sua noite: "Serei convidado para uma Flip?" Escave dentro de si uma resposta profunda. Se for afirmativa, se puder contestar àquelas perguntas severas por um forte e simples "sim", então construa a sua vida de acordo com aquelas necessidades. Sua vida, até em sua hora mais indiferente e anódina, deverá tornar-se o sinal e o testemunho de tal pressão: seu visual deverá indicá-lo.
Aproxime-se, então, dos meios literários. Participe de bate-papos em livrarias, cafés e bares. Inscreva-se em todas as festas literárias, do Oiapoque ao Chuí. Evite as formas já consagradas, pois dá muito trabalho produzir algo pessoal num domínio em que sobram tradições boas, algumas brilhantes. Eis por que não deve ler os escritores do passado. Em vez disso, faça um curso de escrita criativa, para aprender alguns truques. Esqueça a gramática, ela está em desuso.
Fuja dos motivos gerais para aqueles que sua própria existência cotidiana lhe oferece: relate suas mágoas e seus desejos, seus pensamentos passageiros, suas manias, e sobretudo sua sexualidade. Se a própria existência cotidiana lhe parecer pobre, não a acuse. Acuse a si mesmo, diga consigo que não é suficientemente escritor para extrair suas riquezas. Ambientes pobres, mesquinhos ou mesmo sórdidos podem ser matéria de textos fortes e engajados.
Mesmo que se encontrasse numa prisão, cujas paredes impedissem todos os ruídos do mundo de chegar aos seus ouvidos, não lhe ficaria sempre a internet, esta esplêndida e régia riqueza, esse tesouro de relacionamentos? Pois bem: coloque seu melhor retrato no Facebook, mantenha um blog e não se esqueça de compor textos de até 140 toques para o Twitter.
Se você ainda acredita no livro de papel e nenhuma editora quiser publicá-lo, faça-o você mesmo. Com um bom equipamento, qualquer um, hoje em dia, pode fabricar livros em casa. Quando o livro estiver pronto, envie-o aos jurados dos prêmios com uma dedicatória adulativa. Contrate um agente literário. Se ele for eficiente, você será traduzido para o servo-croata antes mesmo de ser lido em português. Caso nada disso der certo, aceite o destino e carregue-o com o seu peso: assuma-se como escritor(a) maldito(a). Mude então o visual: mais escuro e descabelado.
Mas talvez se dê o caso de, após essa descida em si mesmo e em seu âmago solitário, você ter de renunciar a ser escritor(a). Mesmo assim, seus esforços não terão sido inúteis. Sua vida, a partir desse momento, há de encontrar caminhos próprios. Que eles o(a) levem à fama e a uma boa remuneração, é o que lhe desejo, muito mais do que lhe posso exprimir.
Com todo o devotamento e toda a simpatia,
Um(a) crítico(a) literário(a)
Por: LEYLA PERRONE-MOISÉS
Prezadíssimo(a) candidato(a) a escritor(a),
Você me pergunta se seu texto é bom. Pergunta-o a mim, depois de o ter perguntado a outras pessoas. Manda-o a periódicos, compara-o com outros textos e inquieta-se quando suas tentativas são recusadas por um ou outro editor. Pois bem: usando da licença que me deu de aconselhá-lo(a), envio-lhe algumas instruções. Você está preocupado(a) com o valor de seu texto e isso é atualmente incerto. O "bom" ficou muito relativo.
Não há senão um caminho. Investigue o motivo que o manda escrever; examine se estende suas raízes pelos recantos mais profundos de sua alma; confesse a si mesmo: morrerá, se não for editado? Desistirá, se jamais ganhar algum prêmio? Isto, acima de tudo: pergunte a si mesmo na hora mais tranquila de sua noite: "Serei convidado para uma Flip?" Escave dentro de si uma resposta profunda. Se for afirmativa, se puder contestar àquelas perguntas severas por um forte e simples "sim", então construa a sua vida de acordo com aquelas necessidades. Sua vida, até em sua hora mais indiferente e anódina, deverá tornar-se o sinal e o testemunho de tal pressão: seu visual deverá indicá-lo.
Aproxime-se, então, dos meios literários. Participe de bate-papos em livrarias, cafés e bares. Inscreva-se em todas as festas literárias, do Oiapoque ao Chuí. Evite as formas já consagradas, pois dá muito trabalho produzir algo pessoal num domínio em que sobram tradições boas, algumas brilhantes. Eis por que não deve ler os escritores do passado. Em vez disso, faça um curso de escrita criativa, para aprender alguns truques. Esqueça a gramática, ela está em desuso.
Fuja dos motivos gerais para aqueles que sua própria existência cotidiana lhe oferece: relate suas mágoas e seus desejos, seus pensamentos passageiros, suas manias, e sobretudo sua sexualidade. Se a própria existência cotidiana lhe parecer pobre, não a acuse. Acuse a si mesmo, diga consigo que não é suficientemente escritor para extrair suas riquezas. Ambientes pobres, mesquinhos ou mesmo sórdidos podem ser matéria de textos fortes e engajados.
Mesmo que se encontrasse numa prisão, cujas paredes impedissem todos os ruídos do mundo de chegar aos seus ouvidos, não lhe ficaria sempre a internet, esta esplêndida e régia riqueza, esse tesouro de relacionamentos? Pois bem: coloque seu melhor retrato no Facebook, mantenha um blog e não se esqueça de compor textos de até 140 toques para o Twitter.
Se você ainda acredita no livro de papel e nenhuma editora quiser publicá-lo, faça-o você mesmo. Com um bom equipamento, qualquer um, hoje em dia, pode fabricar livros em casa. Quando o livro estiver pronto, envie-o aos jurados dos prêmios com uma dedicatória adulativa. Contrate um agente literário. Se ele for eficiente, você será traduzido para o servo-croata antes mesmo de ser lido em português. Caso nada disso der certo, aceite o destino e carregue-o com o seu peso: assuma-se como escritor(a) maldito(a). Mude então o visual: mais escuro e descabelado.
Mas talvez se dê o caso de, após essa descida em si mesmo e em seu âmago solitário, você ter de renunciar a ser escritor(a). Mesmo assim, seus esforços não terão sido inúteis. Sua vida, a partir desse momento, há de encontrar caminhos próprios. Que eles o(a) levem à fama e a uma boa remuneração, é o que lhe desejo, muito mais do que lhe posso exprimir.
Com todo o devotamento e toda a simpatia,
Um(a) crítico(a) literário(a)
10.26.2010
DAMAGE VS. DAMAGES
Damage: injury or harm to property or a person.
Damages: monetary compensation awarded by a court for the harm or injury that has been suffered by...
Damages: monetary compensation awarded by a court for the harm or injury that has been suffered by...
10.22.2010
AFAIK / ASAP / FYI / TIA
Há muitos, muitos e muitos anos atrás, nas multinacionais americanas havia uma listinha de meia dúzia de siglas que eram usadas por todos. Hoje a lista cresceu tanto que às vezes nem dá mais para acompanhar. A propósito:
AFAIK = As far as I know
ASAP = as soon as possible
FYI = For your infomation
TIA = Thanks in advance
N.B.: Na medida em que me lembrar de outras vou acrescentar aqui.
AFAIK = As far as I know
ASAP = as soon as possible
FYI = For your infomation
TIA = Thanks in advance
N.B.: Na medida em que me lembrar de outras vou acrescentar aqui.
10.21.2010
QUANGOS / QUANGOCRACY
O noticiário de hoje da BBC destaca os cortes nos orçamentos do Reino Unido, entre os quais:
"Administration costs to be cut by £400m with 24 quangos axed. The Train to Gain programme to be axed. University funding to be cut and reform of student tuition fees building on Browne review. ..."
quango = A quasi non-governmental organization is one created and funded by government, and, therefore, held to account for its expenditure, but given operational independence. The term was invented by Alan Pifer, President of the Carnegie Corporation, to describe such organizations which were appearing in the United States. Subsequently, political scientists, observing the closeness to government of some quangos in their operations, have preferred the term to mean quasi-governmental rather than non-governmental. In the United Kingdom the term has been applied to many forms of arms-length public provision showing a great diversity of purpose, including the BBC, the Welsh Development Agency, and the Commission for Racial Equality. Concern has recently been expressed at the tendency for power to flow from elected public bodies to unelected quangos, derisively dubbed ‘quangocracy’ by some.
Source: BBC, Answers.com
Do site "Migalhas": A administração pública inglesa sempre foi caracterizada pela autonomia de seus órgãos, denominados de Quasi Autonomous non Governamental Organizations (QUANGOS). No entanto, o projeto de lei "Public Bodies Bill", considerado uma violação à Constituição segundo célebres advogados, está prestes a ser debatido no Parlamento Inglês.
[The Public Bodies Bill - The bonfire of the quangos is one thing, but violating the constitution is quite another. What do plans to sell off 150,000 hectares of England's precious woodland, the ability of people from small islands in the Caribbean to represent themselves in Whitehall, and the future of legal aid funding have in common? The answer is they are all public bodies axed in the so-called "bonfire of the quangos" – the Public Bodies Bill which is about to be debated in parliament."
"Administration costs to be cut by £400m with 24 quangos axed. The Train to Gain programme to be axed. University funding to be cut and reform of student tuition fees building on Browne review. ..."
quango = A quasi non-governmental organization is one created and funded by government, and, therefore, held to account for its expenditure, but given operational independence. The term was invented by Alan Pifer, President of the Carnegie Corporation, to describe such organizations which were appearing in the United States. Subsequently, political scientists, observing the closeness to government of some quangos in their operations, have preferred the term to mean quasi-governmental rather than non-governmental. In the United Kingdom the term has been applied to many forms of arms-length public provision showing a great diversity of purpose, including the BBC, the Welsh Development Agency, and the Commission for Racial Equality. Concern has recently been expressed at the tendency for power to flow from elected public bodies to unelected quangos, derisively dubbed ‘quangocracy’ by some.
Source: BBC, Answers.com
Do site "Migalhas": A administração pública inglesa sempre foi caracterizada pela autonomia de seus órgãos, denominados de Quasi Autonomous non Governamental Organizations (QUANGOS). No entanto, o projeto de lei "Public Bodies Bill", considerado uma violação à Constituição segundo célebres advogados, está prestes a ser debatido no Parlamento Inglês.
[The Public Bodies Bill - The bonfire of the quangos is one thing, but violating the constitution is quite another. What do plans to sell off 150,000 hectares of England's precious woodland, the ability of people from small islands in the Caribbean to represent themselves in Whitehall, and the future of legal aid funding have in common? The answer is they are all public bodies axed in the so-called "bonfire of the quangos" – the Public Bodies Bill which is about to be debated in parliament."
10.12.2010
IT'S SWEET TO BE S1NGLE. GO1NG SO10! LESS 1S MORE! THE POWER OF ONE! "SINGLE" DOES NOT MEAN "SO1O"
Calma! Não estou defendendo nenhuma bandeira. Isso aí em cima é a propaganda de um avião turboélice "single engine" que estou traduzindo!
CERISIER ROSE ET POMMIER BLANC
(Jacques Larue / Louiguy)
André Claveau - 1950 / Petula Clark - 1964 / Patrick Zabé - 1976
Quand nous jouions à la marelle
Cerisier rose et pommier blanc
J'ai cru mourir d'amour pour elle
En l'embrassant
Avec ses airs de demoiselle
Cerisier rose et pommier blanc
Elle avait attiré vers elle
Mon coeur d'enfant
La branche d'un cerisier
De son jardin caressait
La branche d'un vieux pommier
Qui dans le mien fleurissait
De voir leurs noeuds enlacés
Comme un bouquet de printemps
Nous vint alors la pensée
D'en faire autant
Et c'est ainsi qu'aux fleurs nouvelles
Cerisier rose et pommier blanc
On fait un soir la courte échelle
À nos quinze ans
Non, non ne dites pas qu'à son âge
Vous n'étiez pas si volage
Non, non quand deux lèvres vous attirent
J'en sais peu qui peuvent dire non
Quand nous jouions à la marelle
Cerisier rose et pommier blanc
J'ai cru mourir d'amour pour elle
En l'embrassant
Mais un beau jour les demoiselles
Frimousse rose et voile blanc
Se font conduire à la chapelle
Par leur galant
Ah quel bonheur pour chacun
Le cerisier tout fleuri
Et le pommier n'en font qu'un
Nous sommes femme et mari
De voir les fruits de l'été
Naître des fleurs du printemps
L'amour nous a chuchoté
D'en faire autant
Si cette histoire est éternelle
Pour en savoir le dénouement
Apprenez-en la ritournelle
Tout simplement
Et dans deux ans
Deux bébés roses faisant la ronde gentiment
Vous chanteront
Cerisier rose et pommier blanc
LICENCE VS. LICENSE
The spelling of “license” leads to some confusion because the spelling of
the noun is different in British and American English. The noun describing an
official document that grants you permission to own, do or use something is
spelled “licence” in the UK and “license” in the US. However, the verb is
spelled "license" in both countries.
Source: LexMail
10.11.2010
9.16.2010
JOHN GRISHAM
principalmente sobre o mundo dos escritórios de advocacia - sempre aprendo termos jurídicos novos. Já li "The Firm", "The Juror" e tenho esperando na minha estante: "The Associate" [quero reler], "The Partner", "The Broker" e "Theodore Boone".
8.11.2010
Anti libel-tourism bill signed into law
The Speech Act protecting Americans from libel tourism has been signed into federal law. The practice of filing lawsuits in a foreign country because it has more lax standards on libel is known as "libel tourism." The law, which is the first to offer nationwide federal protection, was modeled on a New York state law inspired by an author who faced a libel tourism lawsuit over a book on terrorism financing. In addition to blocking enforcement, the new federal law will allow defendants to clear their names by obtaining a declaratory judgment in a United States court. Americans now can expose in speech and in writing our country's enemies without fear of being sued and losing because of unfavorable foreign laws. Americans have been sued abroad, particularly in England, which makes it much more difficult and costly to defend from such suits, which are deemed frivolous and malicious suits. Problem is, New York's law offer s more protection, but the federal statute may supersede state laws. An amendment is being proposed in Congress.
Source: Migalhas
Source: Migalhas
8.10.2010
BLANKET = UMBRELLA
blanket (noun ): Applying to or covering all conditions or instances: a blanket insurance policy. Applying to or covering all members of a class: blanket sanctions against human-rights violators.
umbrella (noun): Something that encompasses or covers many different elements or groups
blanket agreement / contract ( an agreement that applies throughout an organisation, industry or geographical area) = contrato abrangente; contrato que rege um grupo de produtos ou serviços.
blanket insurance = seguro coletivo / genérico / global
blanket moratorium = moratória unilateral
blanket policy = apólice global; apólice cobrindo locais não especificados
blanket price = preço global
blanket vacations = férias coletivas
excess/umbrella coverage = cobertura excedente/compreensiva
umbrella brand = marca global
umbrella facility / funds = fundos globais ou não traduzir
umbrella insurance = seguro coletivo
umbrella organization = organização tutelar
Phrasebank
Professor Schwartz said that such a blanket agreement could transform international privacy law.
• The courts have ruled that certain blanket agreements are not enforceable (=valid).
• Under the blanket agreement, employees were forced to sign away their rights to bring a legal claim.
• The Ministry of Defence has entered into blanket agreements with favoured defence companies.
• Nyeholt had twice signed a blanket agreement purporting to bind it to the terms of a collective bargaining agreement.
Additional notes
• The term blanket agreement commonly refers to collective bargaining agreements that apply to workers. However, it now has a more general meaning and can be used to refer to all types of agreement that apply to an identifiable group throughout an organisation, industry or geographical area.
• A blanket agreement can also be called a master agreement.
Source: Translegal et al
umbrella (noun): Something that encompasses or covers many different elements or groups
blanket agreement / contract ( an agreement that applies throughout an organisation, industry or geographical area) = contrato abrangente; contrato que rege um grupo de produtos ou serviços.
blanket insurance = seguro coletivo / genérico / global
blanket moratorium = moratória unilateral
blanket policy = apólice global; apólice cobrindo locais não especificados
blanket price = preço global
blanket vacations = férias coletivas
excess/umbrella coverage = cobertura excedente/compreensiva
umbrella brand = marca global
umbrella facility / funds = fundos globais ou não traduzir
umbrella insurance = seguro coletivo
umbrella organization = organização tutelar
Phrasebank
Professor Schwartz said that such a blanket agreement could transform international privacy law.
• The courts have ruled that certain blanket agreements are not enforceable (=valid).
• Under the blanket agreement, employees were forced to sign away their rights to bring a legal claim.
• The Ministry of Defence has entered into blanket agreements with favoured defence companies.
• Nyeholt had twice signed a blanket agreement purporting to bind it to the terms of a collective bargaining agreement.
Additional notes
• The term blanket agreement commonly refers to collective bargaining agreements that apply to workers. However, it now has a more general meaning and can be used to refer to all types of agreement that apply to an identifiable group throughout an organisation, industry or geographical area.
• A blanket agreement can also be called a master agreement.
Source: Translegal et al
7.13.2010
MAGISTRATE = PARALEGAL
(noun) = Juiz de Paz / Juiz Auxiliar = a civil officer with the authority to administer the law (com poderes para decidir pequenas causas (nonindictable offenses = infrações sumárias), normalmente não formado em Direito, que presta os seus serviços voluntariamente, geralmente sem pagamento, um tipo de juiz de paz)
(Não traduzir por "Magistrado" que é [Aulete] "Autoridade investida de poderes, em determinada jurisdição, para governar ou distribuir justiça; ADMINISTRADOR; GOVERNADOR; PRESIDENTE. Autoridade do Poder Judiciário. Primeiro magistrado: 1 Aquele que exerce o mais alto cargo e detém a mais alta autoridade política e administrativa; presidente da República. )
Magistrate's Court: Juizado de Paz / Tribunais de Magistratura (Pertencem aos Tribunais Inferiores, 1.ª Instância com competência para julgar questões civis de menor importância; (quando estive em Londres, passava todos os dias por um "Magistrate's Court" na Mile End Road)
"We are now considering an appeal against the magistrate's decision."
Additional notes:
◦In the US, a magistrate can generally hear criminal-minor offences and some civil cases. A magistrate's decisions, unlike those of the judges, do not set precedents for other courts to follow.
◦In the UK, the Magistrate's court is the court of first instance for all criminal cases and some civil and family cases.
Source: Translegal
(Não traduzir por "Magistrado" que é [Aulete] "Autoridade investida de poderes, em determinada jurisdição, para governar ou distribuir justiça; ADMINISTRADOR; GOVERNADOR; PRESIDENTE. Autoridade do Poder Judiciário. Primeiro magistrado: 1 Aquele que exerce o mais alto cargo e detém a mais alta autoridade política e administrativa; presidente da República. )
Magistrate's Court: Juizado de Paz / Tribunais de Magistratura (Pertencem aos Tribunais Inferiores, 1.ª Instância com competência para julgar questões civis de menor importância; (quando estive em Londres, passava todos os dias por um "Magistrate's Court" na Mile End Road)
"We are now considering an appeal against the magistrate's decision."
Additional notes:
◦In the US, a magistrate can generally hear criminal-minor offences and some civil cases. A magistrate's decisions, unlike those of the judges, do not set precedents for other courts to follow.
◦In the UK, the Magistrate's court is the court of first instance for all criminal cases and some civil and family cases.
Source: Translegal
7.08.2010
CONTINUAL & CONTINUOUS
Use continuous when describing something that keeps going on, without stopping.
• The ski boat has been in use continually [on and off] over the past week.
Use continual when describing something that goes on frequently, but in fits and starts.
• The skiers have been practicing continuously all morning and I haven't been in the boat even once!
Source: Proofread
• The ski boat has been in use continually [on and off] over the past week.
Use continual when describing something that goes on frequently, but in fits and starts.
• The skiers have been practicing continuously all morning and I haven't been in the boat even once!
Source: Proofread
HISTORIC & HISTORICAL
Use historic to describe any event that marks a milestone:
• I understand that Harrison's historical society [people interested in history] met yesterday in their new headquarters.
Use historical when that event--or any event you may be referring to--warrants mention in a history book.
• What a historic [monumental] occasion that was! [Ed. note: In American form, NEVER use an before historic.
Source: Proofread
• I understand that Harrison's historical society [people interested in history] met yesterday in their new headquarters.
Use historical when that event--or any event you may be referring to--warrants mention in a history book.
• What a historic [monumental] occasion that was! [Ed. note: In American form, NEVER use an before historic.
Source: Proofread
6.19.2010
FATHER'S DAY / DIA DOS PAIS / DIA DO PAI / FESTA DEL PAPÁ / DIA DEL PADRE
Brasil e Samoa (somente!): 2º. domingo de agosto
UK (e em mais de 50 países, inclusive EUA) : 3º. domingo de junho
Portugal (Dia do Pai) e mais 7 países (entre os quais: Itália – Festa Del Papá; Espanha: Dia Del Padre): 19 de Março
Fonte: Wikipedia.com
UK (e em mais de 50 países, inclusive EUA) : 3º. domingo de junho
Portugal (Dia do Pai) e mais 7 países (entre os quais: Itália – Festa Del Papá; Espanha: Dia Del Padre): 19 de Março
Fonte: Wikipedia.com
6.08.2010
WANTON = UNPROVOKED =>RECKLESS
(adjective): unprovoked; done out of a desire to cause harm; without caring about reasonable limits:
A series of overnight attacks on cars in County Antrim has been described as "wanton vandalism".
Phrasebank
◦These cases typically involve wanton and willful misconduct.
◦There has been a backlash (= strong negative reaction) against the group's use of wanton violence as a political tool.
◦The defendants showed reckless and wanton disregard for the lives or safety of the public.
◦Plaintiffs sued the school for gross and wanton negligence.
Additional notes
◦Wanton is similar in meaning to reckless, but is a stronger word that implies that it is worse behavior. The difference, in criminal law, is that someone who acts wantonly has intent to harm whereas someone who acts recklessly does not.
Source: Translegal
A series of overnight attacks on cars in County Antrim has been described as "wanton vandalism".
Phrasebank
◦These cases typically involve wanton and willful misconduct.
◦There has been a backlash (= strong negative reaction) against the group's use of wanton violence as a political tool.
◦The defendants showed reckless and wanton disregard for the lives or safety of the public.
◦Plaintiffs sued the school for gross and wanton negligence.
Additional notes
◦Wanton is similar in meaning to reckless, but is a stronger word that implies that it is worse behavior. The difference, in criminal law, is that someone who acts wantonly has intent to harm whereas someone who acts recklessly does not.
Source: Translegal
6.02.2010
JURISDICTION VS. VENUE
Jurisdiction refers to the authority a court has to hear the matter. Jurisdiction involves both the rights the specific court has to rule on the dispute (what type of claim it is) and the ability of the court to enforce a judgment against the defendant. For example, a typical jurisdiction clause may say “Any action to enforce this agreement shall be filed in the Superior Court of California.”
Venue clauses relate to the proper geographical location of the court of jurisdiction. A typical venue clause may read “Any litigation arising out of this Agreement shall be filed in the appropriate Court of jurisdiction in Orange County, California.” However, the choice of venue must be appropriate under the law. In a contract action, venue is appropriate where the contract was entered into, where one of the defendants resides, or where the contract is to be performed.
Source: http://www.martendale.com/business-law/article_Wealth-Strategies-Counsel_762406.htm
Venue clauses relate to the proper geographical location of the court of jurisdiction. A typical venue clause may read “Any litigation arising out of this Agreement shall be filed in the appropriate Court of jurisdiction in Orange County, California.” However, the choice of venue must be appropriate under the law. In a contract action, venue is appropriate where the contract was entered into, where one of the defendants resides, or where the contract is to be performed.
Source: http://www.martendale.com/business-law/article_Wealth-Strategies-Counsel_762406.htm
5.26.2010
RECAPITULAÇÃO
Letters, abbreviations, and numerals. Capital letters used as words, abbreviations that contain no interior periods, and numerals used as nouns form the plural by adding s.
• the three Rs
• the 1990s
• IRAs for retirement
• vol., vols.
• URLs
• ed., eds.
BUT:
• p. (page), pp. (pages)
• n. (note), nn. (notes)
• MS (manuscript), MSS (manuscripts)
Use of apostrophe. To avoid confusion, lowercase letters and abbreviations with two or more interior periods or with both capital and lowercase letters form the plural with an apostrophe and an s.
• x's and y's
• M.A.'s and Ph.D.'s (or MAs and PhD's)
Words in quotation marks. The plural of a word or phrase in quotation marks may be formed by the addition of an apostrophe before the s, with the closing quotation marks following the s (though rewording is usually a better option). A plural ending should never follow closing quotation marks.
• How many more "To be continued's" can we expect? (not "To be continued"s)
Noun coinages. Words and hyphenated phrases that are not nouns but are used as nouns form the plural by adding s or es. To avoid an awkward appearance, an adjustment in spelling (or sometimes an apostrophe) may be needed.
• ifs, ands, or buts
• dos and don'ts
• threes and fours
• thank-yous
BUT
• maybe's
• yesses and noes (or yes's and no's, especially if maybe's is also used)
Source: Proofreading
• the three Rs
• the 1990s
• IRAs for retirement
• vol., vols.
• URLs
• ed., eds.
BUT:
• p. (page), pp. (pages)
• n. (note), nn. (notes)
• MS (manuscript), MSS (manuscripts)
Use of apostrophe. To avoid confusion, lowercase letters and abbreviations with two or more interior periods or with both capital and lowercase letters form the plural with an apostrophe and an s.
• x's and y's
• M.A.'s and Ph.D.'s (or MAs and PhD's)
Words in quotation marks. The plural of a word or phrase in quotation marks may be formed by the addition of an apostrophe before the s, with the closing quotation marks following the s (though rewording is usually a better option). A plural ending should never follow closing quotation marks.
• How many more "To be continued's" can we expect? (not "To be continued"s)
Noun coinages. Words and hyphenated phrases that are not nouns but are used as nouns form the plural by adding s or es. To avoid an awkward appearance, an adjustment in spelling (or sometimes an apostrophe) may be needed.
• ifs, ands, or buts
• dos and don'ts
• threes and fours
• thank-yous
BUT
• maybe's
• yesses and noes (or yes's and no's, especially if maybe's is also used)
Source: Proofreading
5.21.2010
ESSA (anáfora) ou ESTA (catáfora)?
anáfora: algo dito anteriormente. A carta foi enviada ontem. ESSA carta tratava da compra.
catáfora: ESTA carta deve ser enviada hoje
catáfora: ESTA carta deve ser enviada hoje
5.11.2010
ON THE CONTRARY vs. TO THE CONTRARY
On the contrary introduces a statement that says the opposite of the last one:
It must have been difficult. On the contrary it was easy.
To the contrary is when you prove the opposite:
Show me some evidence to the contrary (which proves this is wrong).
It must have been difficult. On the contrary it was easy.
To the contrary is when you prove the opposite:
Show me some evidence to the contrary (which proves this is wrong).
5.08.2010
PAY US A VISIT
Estava eu lendo o blog do Danilo em que ele contava o "causo" do "Enforce the smoking prohibition." ("Tudo por causa de um cigarro" - http://www.tradutorprofissional.com/)
Daí lembrei que eu também tinha um causo parecido: Há uns trocentos anos, quando eu trabalhava em uma empresa brasileira, ouvi dois executivos conversando:
"Então a gente queria aproveitar a viagem para a Itália para conhecer a fábrica deles. Mandamos um fax para lá. E não é que esses italianos são uns folgados! Disseram para a gente pagar a viagem deles - olha aqui: "Pay us a visit!". Querem fazer turismo no Brasil às nossas custas. Nem vou responder!"
pay (someone or something) a visit and pay a visit to someone or something
pay (somebody/something) a visit (slightly formal) also pay a visit (to somebody/something)
to go to see someone or something; to visit someone or something.
Bill paid a visit to his aunt in Seattle.
Please pay a visit to our house whenever you are in town.
Yesterday a police detective paid us a visit and asked a lot of questions.
The three elderly women decided to pay a visit to a spa and had a great time.
Daí lembrei que eu também tinha um causo parecido: Há uns trocentos anos, quando eu trabalhava em uma empresa brasileira, ouvi dois executivos conversando:
"Então a gente queria aproveitar a viagem para a Itália para conhecer a fábrica deles. Mandamos um fax para lá. E não é que esses italianos são uns folgados! Disseram para a gente pagar a viagem deles - olha aqui: "Pay us a visit!". Querem fazer turismo no Brasil às nossas custas. Nem vou responder!"
pay (someone or something) a visit and pay a visit to someone or something
pay (somebody/something) a visit (slightly formal) also pay a visit (to somebody/something)
to go to see someone or something; to visit someone or something.
Bill paid a visit to his aunt in Seattle.
Please pay a visit to our house whenever you are in town.
Yesterday a police detective paid us a visit and asked a lot of questions.
The three elderly women decided to pay a visit to a spa and had a great time.
5.07.2010
POLICY = GUIDELINES = STANDARD = PRINCIPLE = NORM
(noun) general principles applied by a government or company
"The company had a generous parental leave policy."
Synonyms
guidelines: "The Government has issued guidelines for the reporting of business expenses."
standard: "The case could set a national standard for how far school officials can go."
principle: "The Commission has always followed the principle that the public interest is best served when regulatory affairs are open to the fullest extent possible."
norm: "Trial by jury is set to become the norm in all major civil cases from July next year."
Common phrases
"The government's economic policies are very unpopular."
"The internal problems were affecting US foreign policy."
"The city made a policy decision not to enforce marijuana laws."
"Drug safety laws involve significant public policy issues."
"Government policy is to increase university attendance."
Source: Translegal
"The company had a generous parental leave policy."
Synonyms
guidelines: "The Government has issued guidelines for the reporting of business expenses."
standard: "The case could set a national standard for how far school officials can go."
principle: "The Commission has always followed the principle that the public interest is best served when regulatory affairs are open to the fullest extent possible."
norm: "Trial by jury is set to become the norm in all major civil cases from July next year."
Common phrases
"The government's economic policies are very unpopular."
"The internal problems were affecting US foreign policy."
"The city made a policy decision not to enforce marijuana laws."
"Drug safety laws involve significant public policy issues."
"Government policy is to increase university attendance."
Source: Translegal
5.04.2010
Understanding the FREE in Freelance
By Alex Eames (Poland)
(...) A lot of people have a very wrong attitude towards what it means to be a freelancer. They don't seem to be living the part, although they probably harbour, somewhere at the back of their imaginations, the dream of somehow being FREE. But they don't actually live it out. They feel enslaved to accept the rates and onerous terms, that anyone wielding a job tries to slap upon them.
Now it may be partly to do with fear, or inability to negotiate, but I think it's also partly to do with not quite having grasped what the FREE in freelance actually means. Think for a moment. What are the benefits of being freelance? You are FREE to accept or reject any project which is offered to you. You are FREE to set your own rates (the client is FREE to accept or reject them). You are FREE to work (or not) for anyone you choose. You are also FREE to persuade clients to accept your higher rates and that you are worth what you are asking for.
Your Self-Worth Really Matters - But you won't be able to do that unless you truly believe it yourself. In sales and marketing, a lot of importance is attached to your self- worth. It's talked about a lot in marketing courses. It's something very personal and it fluctuates during your life, according to your levels of confidence and your (often most recent) experiences. That's a bit like a free market. Free to rise and fall according to changing times, circumstances and situations.
(...) You're a freelancer, a FREE agent. You are FREE. That means you are FREE to accept or reject any terms, any payment levels, any projects - and let's go further. You are also FREE to reject any crap from clients. If you decide "I'm not taking that" you can say "bye bye. I'm not working for you any more. Get lost!" I've done it before. And believe me, people aren't used to it.
(...) Employment VS Freelance
What's the difference between employment and freelancing? Well the difference is huge actually. Your client won't pay you any benefits and won't deduct any of your taxes. They won't pay any of your insurance or pension contributions. They won't give you any perks. You tell them how much you want them to pay. If it's too much, they'll negotiate or walk away.
(...) But do you know what? Not everybody can handle the responsibilities that go with freedom. "Freedom is a battle that must be fought and won each day" (Sartre). It's the ultimate performance-related pay, but not everybody can cope with it alone. Not everybody is cut out to be a business person.
(...)
But it does require work, effort, sometimes a little bit of luck. But ALWAYS a lot of skill and a lot of hard application over a sustained period of time. And that's where many people fall by the wayside. Some FREE lance warriors get defeated and captured in battle.
(...) A lot of people have a very wrong attitude towards what it means to be a freelancer. They don't seem to be living the part, although they probably harbour, somewhere at the back of their imaginations, the dream of somehow being FREE. But they don't actually live it out. They feel enslaved to accept the rates and onerous terms, that anyone wielding a job tries to slap upon them.
Now it may be partly to do with fear, or inability to negotiate, but I think it's also partly to do with not quite having grasped what the FREE in freelance actually means. Think for a moment. What are the benefits of being freelance? You are FREE to accept or reject any project which is offered to you. You are FREE to set your own rates (the client is FREE to accept or reject them). You are FREE to work (or not) for anyone you choose. You are also FREE to persuade clients to accept your higher rates and that you are worth what you are asking for.
Your Self-Worth Really Matters - But you won't be able to do that unless you truly believe it yourself. In sales and marketing, a lot of importance is attached to your self- worth. It's talked about a lot in marketing courses. It's something very personal and it fluctuates during your life, according to your levels of confidence and your (often most recent) experiences. That's a bit like a free market. Free to rise and fall according to changing times, circumstances and situations.
(...) You're a freelancer, a FREE agent. You are FREE. That means you are FREE to accept or reject any terms, any payment levels, any projects - and let's go further. You are also FREE to reject any crap from clients. If you decide "I'm not taking that" you can say "bye bye. I'm not working for you any more. Get lost!" I've done it before. And believe me, people aren't used to it.
(...) Employment VS Freelance
What's the difference between employment and freelancing? Well the difference is huge actually. Your client won't pay you any benefits and won't deduct any of your taxes. They won't pay any of your insurance or pension contributions. They won't give you any perks. You tell them how much you want them to pay. If it's too much, they'll negotiate or walk away.
(...) But do you know what? Not everybody can handle the responsibilities that go with freedom. "Freedom is a battle that must be fought and won each day" (Sartre). It's the ultimate performance-related pay, but not everybody can cope with it alone. Not everybody is cut out to be a business person.
(...)
But it does require work, effort, sometimes a little bit of luck. But ALWAYS a lot of skill and a lot of hard application over a sustained period of time. And that's where many people fall by the wayside. Some FREE lance warriors get defeated and captured in battle.
4.23.2010
I CAN SEE PARADISE BY THE DASHBOARD LIGHTS - Meatloaf
Sessão Nostalgia - Música que eu adorava ouvir há 30 anos atrás, quando eu tinha 30 anos:
I CAN SEE PARADISE BY THE DASHBOARD LIGHTS - Meatloaf
Com letra em inglês (Karaokê): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-tF4Im8Gexs&NR=1
Com tradução: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tRxV0kBNPyk
Outra apresentação - hilária - do Meatloaf:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0OA6ZLGb8U&feature=related
I CAN SEE PARADISE BY THE DASHBOARD LIGHTS - Meatloaf
Com letra em inglês (Karaokê): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-tF4Im8Gexs&NR=1
Com tradução: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tRxV0kBNPyk
Outra apresentação - hilária - do Meatloaf:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0OA6ZLGb8U&feature=related
4.22.2010
'I think therefore I am' - Rene Descartes
THEREFORE / THEREFOR
THEREFORE : For that reason or cause; consequently or hence. This adverb has 2 meanings:
Meaning #1: (from that fact or reason or as a result - used to introduce a logical conclusion - Synonyms: hence, thence, thus): 'I think therefore I am'
Meaning #2: (as a consequence - Synonym: consequently):
It is therefore concluded that in this respect XYZ breached the Code in failing to declare and take the proper action in respect of Personal Interest.
THEREFORE, it is concluded that they are, and have been for years, ...
Therefore, it is concluded that further measures might be needed for the protection of these features..
THEREFOR
This adverb has one meaning):
Meaning #1: (in formal usage; especially legal usage) "for that" or "for it"
For that: ordering goods and enclosing payment therefor.
For it: "Thrice thereafter the temple was rebuilt, each time greater and more elaborately than before, but always on the site of the original shrine, though men forgot the reason therefor."
THEREFORE : For that reason or cause; consequently or hence. This adverb has 2 meanings:
Meaning #1: (from that fact or reason or as a result - used to introduce a logical conclusion - Synonyms: hence, thence, thus): 'I think therefore I am'
Meaning #2: (as a consequence - Synonym: consequently):
It is therefore concluded that in this respect XYZ breached the Code in failing to declare and take the proper action in respect of Personal Interest.
THEREFORE, it is concluded that they are, and have been for years, ...
Therefore, it is concluded that further measures might be needed for the protection of these features..
THEREFOR
This adverb has one meaning):
Meaning #1: (in formal usage; especially legal usage) "for that" or "for it"
For that: ordering goods and enclosing payment therefor.
For it: "Thrice thereafter the temple was rebuilt, each time greater and more elaborately than before, but always on the site of the original shrine, though men forgot the reason therefor."
4.21.2010
SCHOLARSHIP / FELLOWSHIP
Scholarship = bolsa de estudo
Fellowship = bolsa de pesquisa
Scholarships and fellowships are very similar. They are both grants of money to help you get an education. The money can be paid directly to you, or to the institution, on your behalf.-A scholarship is designed to help you pursue undergraduate or graduate studies at a college or other educational institution. Scholarships are generally given with the requirement that the student enroll in a particular course of study and may require certain outcomes.
A fellowship is designed to help you pursue your studies—or some form of research. They are generally given with less stipulations and are typically awarded based on prior qualifications and achievements.
Some scholarships and fellowships do require a commitment of service after the award period. For example, NASA sometimes requires a student to work at a NASA center following graduation for a period of time in recompense for receiving the fellowship.
Source: Proz.com
Fellowship = bolsa de pesquisa
Scholarships and fellowships are very similar. They are both grants of money to help you get an education. The money can be paid directly to you, or to the institution, on your behalf.-A scholarship is designed to help you pursue undergraduate or graduate studies at a college or other educational institution. Scholarships are generally given with the requirement that the student enroll in a particular course of study and may require certain outcomes.
A fellowship is designed to help you pursue your studies—or some form of research. They are generally given with less stipulations and are typically awarded based on prior qualifications and achievements.
Some scholarships and fellowships do require a commitment of service after the award period. For example, NASA sometimes requires a student to work at a NASA center following graduation for a period of time in recompense for receiving the fellowship.
Source: Proz.com
4.20.2010
REMUNERATION / COMPENSATION
REMUNERATION
n. : The act of remunerating. Something, such as a payment, that remunerates.
Payment or compensation received for services or employment. This includes the base salary and any bonuses or other economic benefits that an employee or executive receives during employment.
COMPENSATION
n. The act of compensating or the state of being compensated. Something, such as money, given or received as payment or reparation, as for a service or loss. Biology. The increase in size or activity of one part of an organism or organ that makes up for the loss or dysfunction of another. Psychology. Behavior that develops either consciously or unconsciously to offset a real or imagined deficiency, as in personality or physical ability.
This term often refers to the total compensation received by an executive, which includes not only the base salary but options, bonuses, expense accounts and other forms of compensation.
Direct and indirect monetary and nonmonetary rewards given to employees on the basis of the value of the job, their personal contributions, and their performance. These rewards must meet both the organization's ability to pay and any governing legal regulations.
Source: Answers.com
n. : The act of remunerating. Something, such as a payment, that remunerates.
Payment or compensation received for services or employment. This includes the base salary and any bonuses or other economic benefits that an employee or executive receives during employment.
COMPENSATION
n. The act of compensating or the state of being compensated. Something, such as money, given or received as payment or reparation, as for a service or loss. Biology. The increase in size or activity of one part of an organism or organ that makes up for the loss or dysfunction of another. Psychology. Behavior that develops either consciously or unconsciously to offset a real or imagined deficiency, as in personality or physical ability.
This term often refers to the total compensation received by an executive, which includes not only the base salary but options, bonuses, expense accounts and other forms of compensation.
Direct and indirect monetary and nonmonetary rewards given to employees on the basis of the value of the job, their personal contributions, and their performance. These rewards must meet both the organization's ability to pay and any governing legal regulations.
Source: Answers.com
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