Customer is the most general word; someone who buys goods or services.
Client: someone who gets services or advice from a professional person, company or organization.
The party for which professional services are rendered, as by an attorney: Client
A person using the services of a social services agency: Client
Bank: Customer.
Hotel / Hairdresser: client / patron.
Restaurant: Patron
Source: Answers.com et al
4.14.2009
4.11.2009
FELIZ PÁSCOA / EASTER / EASTERTIDE = THE EASTER SEASON = PASCHAL TIME / PASSOVER = PESACH
An Easter Bunny for You:
a(\_/)
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i(")_(")
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BOTTOM LINE / TOP LINE
bottom line = linha do resultado, linha do lucro/prejuízo.
top line = linha da receita, da entrada de dinheiro
“O que importa é a última linha do balanço, a linha do resultado, onde mostra se a empresa teve lucro ou prejuízo”.
Net income is informally called the bottom line because it is typically found on the last line of a company's income statement. A related term is top line, meaning revenue, which forms the first line of the account statement.
Souce: Wikipedia
top line = linha da receita, da entrada de dinheiro
“O que importa é a última linha do balanço, a linha do resultado, onde mostra se a empresa teve lucro ou prejuízo”.
Net income is informally called the bottom line because it is typically found on the last line of a company's income statement. A related term is top line, meaning revenue, which forms the first line of the account statement.
Souce: Wikipedia
LODESTAR
estrela-guia: 1. A principle or fact that guides someone’s actions. 2. used to guide ships at sea.
The US Supreme Court granted certiorari Monday in Perdue v. Kenny A., in which the Court will consider whether an attorney's fee award under a federal fee-shifting statute can be enhanced based on quality of performance and results obtained when these factors already are included in the lodestar calculation.
The lodestar calculation is used by courts in awarding attorney's fees and is the product of reasonable hours worked and a reasonable hourly rate. The US Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit affirmed the lower court's enhancement of attorney's fees in a class action suit, finding that factors such as quality of performance and results obtained may appropriately be considered.
Source: Longman's Dictionary et al.
The US Supreme Court granted certiorari Monday in Perdue v. Kenny A., in which the Court will consider whether an attorney's fee award under a federal fee-shifting statute can be enhanced based on quality of performance and results obtained when these factors already are included in the lodestar calculation.
The lodestar calculation is used by courts in awarding attorney's fees and is the product of reasonable hours worked and a reasonable hourly rate. The US Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit affirmed the lower court's enhancement of attorney's fees in a class action suit, finding that factors such as quality of performance and results obtained may appropriately be considered.
Source: Longman's Dictionary et al.
4.04.2009
ABECEDARIAN / BEGINNER / FLEDGLING / FRESHMAN / GREENHORN / INITIATE / NEOPHITE / NEWBIE / NEWCOMER / NOVICE / ROOKIE / TENDERFOOT / TYRO
Principiante / aprendiz / iniciante
Abecedarian (estar no beabá?) = One who teaches or studies the alphabet. One who is just learning; a beginner.
Beginner = One that begins. One who is just starting to learn or do something; a novice.
Freshman (calouro) = A student in the first-year class of a high school, college, or university. A beginner; a novice.
Fledgling (inexperiente, frangote) = A young bird that has recently acquired its flight feathers. A young or inexperienced person.
Greenhorn (novato, simplório, ingênuo) = An inexperienced or immature person, especially one who is easily deceived. A newcomer, especially one who is unfamiliar with the ways of a place or group.
Initiate = One who is being or has been initiated. One who has been introduced to or has attained knowledge in a particular field.
Neophite= A recent convert to a belief; a proselyte. A beginner or novice: a neophyte at politics. Roman Catholic Church. A newly ordained priest. A novice of a religious order or congregation.
Newbie (inexperiente?) = One that is new to something, especially a novice at using computer technology or the Internet.
Newcomer (recém-chegado) = One who has only recently arrived.
Novice = A person new to a field or activity; a beginner. A person who has entered a religious order but has not yet taken final vows. Also called novitiate.
Rookie (slang/gíria) (recruta/novato) = A beginner; one who is new to a profession or field. “Rookie” is a slang. Example:1) Brazil played like a bunch of rookies against Equador last Saturday, lets hope they play better on Wednesday!!! 2) It's not easy being a rookie police officer. Etymology: This word is derived from 'recruit', a new member of an army.
Tenderfoot (novato) = A newcomer not yet hardened to rough outdoor life; a greenhorn. An inexperienced person; a novice. often Tenderfoot A Boy Scout of the lowest rank.
Tyro (principiante) = A beginner in learning something. Ex.: He was a sensitive, fine soul alert to the pleasures of being green, a tyro, an amateur, unwilling to close his mind before it had been tempted
Sources: Knights English / Answers.com
Abecedarian (estar no beabá?) = One who teaches or studies the alphabet. One who is just learning; a beginner.
Beginner = One that begins. One who is just starting to learn or do something; a novice.
Freshman (calouro) = A student in the first-year class of a high school, college, or university. A beginner; a novice.
Fledgling (inexperiente, frangote) = A young bird that has recently acquired its flight feathers. A young or inexperienced person.
Greenhorn (novato, simplório, ingênuo) = An inexperienced or immature person, especially one who is easily deceived. A newcomer, especially one who is unfamiliar with the ways of a place or group.
Initiate = One who is being or has been initiated. One who has been introduced to or has attained knowledge in a particular field.
Neophite= A recent convert to a belief; a proselyte. A beginner or novice: a neophyte at politics. Roman Catholic Church. A newly ordained priest. A novice of a religious order or congregation.
Newbie (inexperiente?) = One that is new to something, especially a novice at using computer technology or the Internet.
Newcomer (recém-chegado) = One who has only recently arrived.
Novice = A person new to a field or activity; a beginner. A person who has entered a religious order but has not yet taken final vows. Also called novitiate.
Rookie (slang/gíria) (recruta/novato) = A beginner; one who is new to a profession or field. “Rookie” is a slang. Example:1) Brazil played like a bunch of rookies against Equador last Saturday, lets hope they play better on Wednesday!!! 2) It's not easy being a rookie police officer. Etymology: This word is derived from 'recruit', a new member of an army.
Tenderfoot (novato) = A newcomer not yet hardened to rough outdoor life; a greenhorn. An inexperienced person; a novice. often Tenderfoot A Boy Scout of the lowest rank.
Tyro (principiante) = A beginner in learning something. Ex.: He was a sensitive, fine soul alert to the pleasures of being green, a tyro, an amateur, unwilling to close his mind before it had been tempted
Sources: Knights English / Answers.com
3.29.2009
DO YOU TWITTER?
I don’t Twitter and I continue to be ignorant of the Twitter activity. I have adhered late to SMSing and it will take me some time before I go twitter. As I understand it, Twitter is an instant communication channel. An instant intrusion both ways. I view it as a nuisance. Surely, at least by now, I won’t twitter.
Twitter is a Web site and service that lets users send short text messages from their cellphones to a group of friends or colleagues. Launched in 2006, Twitter www.twitter.com) was designed for people to keep others up-to-date on their activities. The Twitter site explains its purpose as "keeping friends, family and co-workers connected through the exchange of quick, frequent answers to one simple question: What are you doing?"
Updates are displayed on the user's profile page and delivered to other users who have signed up to receive them. The sender can restrict delivery to those in his or her circle of friends (delivery to everyone being the default). Users can receive updates via the Twitter website, SMS, RSS, email or through an application.
Twitter is a Web site and service that lets users send short text messages from their cellphones to a group of friends or colleagues. Launched in 2006, Twitter www.twitter.com) was designed for people to keep others up-to-date on their activities. The Twitter site explains its purpose as "keeping friends, family and co-workers connected through the exchange of quick, frequent answers to one simple question: What are you doing?"
Updates are displayed on the user's profile page and delivered to other users who have signed up to receive them. The sender can restrict delivery to those in his or her circle of friends (delivery to everyone being the default). Users can receive updates via the Twitter website, SMS, RSS, email or through an application.
3.21.2009
TUPINIQUINGLISH / SPANGLISH / PORTUNHOL
A língua é viva e está em constante mutação, mas, até que ponto devemos adotar termos aportuguesados?
chapter = capítulo, em vez de "seção", no caso, por ex., de "Seção da OAB" [São Paulo Chapter] / deletar / atachar / performance (por que não usar "desempenho"?/ stakeholder / rankear / blister / mouse (a solução "rato" dos portugueses também é horrível! Aí, prefiro "mouse") / blog = diário ?
“immediate past president” = “presidente passado imediato” (vi isso em algum lugar e é de doer - por que não "último ex-presidente" ou "Presidente anterior"?
Juntando as palavras novas, as traduzidas de maneira errada, as aportuguesadas, o internetês e o palavreado de algumas tribos ("trampo, trampar!!!"), estamos caminhando para um outro idioma (um tipo de esperanto?). No ritmo que isso vem acontecendo, em uma ou duas décadas teremos um idioma universal.
chapter = capítulo, em vez de "seção", no caso, por ex., de "Seção da OAB" [São Paulo Chapter] / deletar / atachar / performance (por que não usar "desempenho"?/ stakeholder / rankear / blister / mouse (a solução "rato" dos portugueses também é horrível! Aí, prefiro "mouse") / blog = diário ?
“immediate past president” = “presidente passado imediato” (vi isso em algum lugar e é de doer - por que não "último ex-presidente" ou "Presidente anterior"?
Juntando as palavras novas, as traduzidas de maneira errada, as aportuguesadas, o internetês e o palavreado de algumas tribos ("trampo, trampar!!!"), estamos caminhando para um outro idioma (um tipo de esperanto?). No ritmo que isso vem acontecendo, em uma ou duas décadas teremos um idioma universal.
KNOW-IT-ALL / WHIZ KID / GEEK / NERD / SMART ALECK
A know-it-all translator? Nenhum tradutor é um especialista em tudo. É claro que, com os anos de trabalho duro, acumula-se um pouco de conhecimento. (E quanto mais se aprende, mais se descobre o quanto não sabemos ou quanto ainda temos que aprender – "Só sei que nada sei".[frase que Platão atribuía a Sócrates],) Mas, obviamente, ninguém consegue ser um especialista em tudo. E só conseguimos fazer certas traduções após muita pesquisa. Lembro que quando foi aprovado o novo código de trânsito (1997), uma grande montadora pediu que eu traduzisse um resumo de cerca de 30 páginas. Apenas para chegar à definição dos termos adequados para as multas (leve, grave, gravíssima), consultei mais de 400 páginas de códigos de trânsito de vários países.
Know-it-all or know-all is an epithet applied to any person who exhibits the belief that he or she possesses a superior intellect and wealth of knowledge, and shows a determination to demonstrate his perceived superiority at every opportunity.
The whiz kid is usually a stock character, with a specific personality type. Traits tend to include; highly intelligent, lacking in physical strength, mentally intimidating, knowledgable and confident.[1] The term "whiz kid" can apply to both males and females.[2] They are usually characterized as wearing glasses, somewhat overdressed or touting an unusual style than the rest of the group (this may include button-up shirts, suspenders, and gelled, parted hair or other, slightly dated, wear). ... The whiz kid character usually takes pride in being smart, and often uses big words (sometimes to show off, or to confuse and manipulate other, less intelligent characters). Derogatory references may include: "geeks" or "nerds".
A "smart alec" or "smart aleck" is a person regarded as obnoxiously self-assertive and an impudent (=insolent, impertinent) person.
Source: Wikipedia
Know-it-all or know-all is an epithet applied to any person who exhibits the belief that he or she possesses a superior intellect and wealth of knowledge, and shows a determination to demonstrate his perceived superiority at every opportunity.
The whiz kid is usually a stock character, with a specific personality type. Traits tend to include; highly intelligent, lacking in physical strength, mentally intimidating, knowledgable and confident.[1] The term "whiz kid" can apply to both males and females.[2] They are usually characterized as wearing glasses, somewhat overdressed or touting an unusual style than the rest of the group (this may include button-up shirts, suspenders, and gelled, parted hair or other, slightly dated, wear). ... The whiz kid character usually takes pride in being smart, and often uses big words (sometimes to show off, or to confuse and manipulate other, less intelligent characters). Derogatory references may include: "geeks" or "nerds".
A "smart alec" or "smart aleck" is a person regarded as obnoxiously self-assertive and an impudent (=insolent, impertinent) person.
Source: Wikipedia
3.20.2009
THE PENNY DROPPED
É isso mesmo: "Caiu a ficha!"
Meaning: A belated realization of something after a period of confusion or misunderstanding.
Origin: The Oxford English Dictionary states that this phrase originated by way of allusion to the mechanism of penny-in-the-slot machines.
"I sat and thought for a moment and then the penny dropped."
The Penny drops on retailers: Hard discount types from Germany plan a UK invasion.
The penny drops for house sellers – along with asking prices
Are there any classic critical incidents which stand out for most trainees, ie, when the penny drops and behaviour changes?
It is only a matter of time before the penny drops and O2 is sued into the millions for damage to people’s health.
When the penny drops it w ill be too late.
Meaning: A belated realization of something after a period of confusion or misunderstanding.
Origin: The Oxford English Dictionary states that this phrase originated by way of allusion to the mechanism of penny-in-the-slot machines.
"I sat and thought for a moment and then the penny dropped."
The Penny drops on retailers: Hard discount types from Germany plan a UK invasion.
The penny drops for house sellers – along with asking prices
Are there any classic critical incidents which stand out for most trainees, ie, when the penny drops and behaviour changes?
It is only a matter of time before the penny drops and O2 is sued into the millions for damage to people’s health.
When the penny drops it w ill be too late.
3.14.2009
DOGMAS & CONCESSIONS
Neste sentido:
Dogma: An authoritative principle, belief, or statement of ideas or opinion, especially one considered to be absolutely true.
Concession: Something, such as a point previously claimed in argument, that is later conceded.
A dúvida é: Até que ponto devemos fazer concessões/usar tupiniquinglish na hora de traduzir para que o cliente não estranhe? (Por favor, vote na enquete)
*No sentido de: adotar o termo “tupiniquinglish” que sabemos que o cliente conhece mais (client EM VEZ DE customer; quotaholder EM VEZ DE member; for just cause EM VEZ DE for cause, etc.)
Pode acontecer que, usando tupiniquinglish com um cliente mais "knowledgeable" ele acabe concluindo que você "don't know any better". Nem sempre dá para para perguntar ao cliente o que ele prefere. Devemos educar o cliente?
Definição completa dos termos acima:
Dogma: A doctrine or a corpus of doctrines relating to matters such as morality and faith, set forth in an authoritative manner by a church. An authoritative principle, belief, or statement of ideas or opinion, especially one considered to be absolutely true. See synonyms at doctrine. A principle or belief or a group of them: “The dogmas of the quiet past are inadequate to the stormy present” (Abraham Lincoln). In general, a belief held unquestioningly and with undefended certainty. In the Christian Church, a belief communicated by divine revelation, and defined by the Church. Dogmatism is one possible reaction to skepticism: it selects some set of propositions and insists, apparently arbitrarily, that they be not doubted.
Concession: The act of conceding. Something, such as a point previously claimed in argument, that is later conceded. An acknowledgment or admission. A grant of a tract of land made by a government or other controlling authority in return for stipulated services or a promise that the land will be used for a specific purpose. The privilege of maintaining a subsidiary business within certain premises. The space allotted for such a business. The business itself: had an ice-cream concession in the subway station.
Dogma: An authoritative principle, belief, or statement of ideas or opinion, especially one considered to be absolutely true.
Concession: Something, such as a point previously claimed in argument, that is later conceded.
A dúvida é: Até que ponto devemos fazer concessões/usar tupiniquinglish na hora de traduzir para que o cliente não estranhe? (Por favor, vote na enquete)
*No sentido de: adotar o termo “tupiniquinglish” que sabemos que o cliente conhece mais (client EM VEZ DE customer; quotaholder EM VEZ DE member; for just cause EM VEZ DE for cause, etc.)
Pode acontecer que, usando tupiniquinglish com um cliente mais "knowledgeable" ele acabe concluindo que você "don't know any better". Nem sempre dá para para perguntar ao cliente o que ele prefere. Devemos educar o cliente?
Definição completa dos termos acima:
Dogma: A doctrine or a corpus of doctrines relating to matters such as morality and faith, set forth in an authoritative manner by a church. An authoritative principle, belief, or statement of ideas or opinion, especially one considered to be absolutely true. See synonyms at doctrine. A principle or belief or a group of them: “The dogmas of the quiet past are inadequate to the stormy present” (Abraham Lincoln). In general, a belief held unquestioningly and with undefended certainty. In the Christian Church, a belief communicated by divine revelation, and defined by the Church. Dogmatism is one possible reaction to skepticism: it selects some set of propositions and insists, apparently arbitrarily, that they be not doubted.
Concession: The act of conceding. Something, such as a point previously claimed in argument, that is later conceded. An acknowledgment or admission. A grant of a tract of land made by a government or other controlling authority in return for stipulated services or a promise that the land will be used for a specific purpose. The privilege of maintaining a subsidiary business within certain premises. The space allotted for such a business. The business itself: had an ice-cream concession in the subway station.
3.08.2009
SUBJECT TO = PROVIDED THAT >< NOTWITHSTANDING
sujeito a, contanto que (adverbial phrase): being under the authority, control or rule of something. "These rules are subject to three important exceptions."
Synonym: provided that : "The seller will deliver the goods by lorry, provided that the buyer makes available appropriate facilities for parking and unloading."
Antonym: notwithstanding: "The company continued to make automatic deductions from the consumer's bank account, notwithstanding the consumer's request that it stop doing so."
Common phrases
subject to review: it may be examined to determine whether it should be changed or corrected. "All proposed litigation is subject to review by the Department of Justice."
subject to change: it may be changed. "The price stated in the contract is subject to change in the event of significant increases or decreases in the price of raw materials."
subject to termination: something that can be brought to an end. "The contract was subject to termination upon one month's notice by either party."
subject to sale: depending on whether something is sold. "He purchased his new home subject to sale of his old home in order to avoid owning two homes and thus being unable to pay for the new home."
Source: Your Dictionary
Synonym: provided that : "The seller will deliver the goods by lorry, provided that the buyer makes available appropriate facilities for parking and unloading."
Antonym: notwithstanding: "The company continued to make automatic deductions from the consumer's bank account, notwithstanding the consumer's request that it stop doing so."
Common phrases
subject to review: it may be examined to determine whether it should be changed or corrected. "All proposed litigation is subject to review by the Department of Justice."
subject to change: it may be changed. "The price stated in the contract is subject to change in the event of significant increases or decreases in the price of raw materials."
subject to termination: something that can be brought to an end. "The contract was subject to termination upon one month's notice by either party."
subject to sale: depending on whether something is sold. "He purchased his new home subject to sale of his old home in order to avoid owning two homes and thus being unable to pay for the new home."
Source: Your Dictionary
3.03.2009
CONTANGO / BACKWARDATION
Contango: Não se traduz. Contango, operação de transferência; juros pela transferência da operação
Não, não é uma noite em Buenos Aires, rather, “this is a pricing situation in which the prices of futures contracts are higher the further out the maturities are. This is the normal pricing pattern because carrying charges such as storage, interest expense, and insurance have to be paid in order to hold onto a commodity. It is the opposite of backwardation.”
“He explained how contango affects the crude oil. Contango is one of the simplest arbitrages in the markets: you buy oil today, contract to sell it at a higher price in a few months' time, and just sit on it in the interim. Oil market participants win precisely because they can play the contango trade effectively and predictably. “
“O mercado de petróleo começa a apresentar um fenômeno característico dos momentos de crise quando os preços do barril desabam. Esse fenômeno é conhecido como contango. O contango é o diferencial entre o preço do barril para entrega imediata e o do barril no mercado futuro. “
Backwardation: Não se traduz. Margem de cobertura; preço para entrega em curto prazo que excede aquele para entrega posteriormente; espécie de comissão e juros em razão da venda de ações a descoberto para entrega futura.
“A Bolsa de Metais de Londres impôs limites de backwardation ao níquel."
“Os crescentes estoques fizeram os preços do cobre caírem numa margem de cobertura, ou "backwardation", no qual o cobre no preço à vista é atualmente US$ XX mais caro do que o de entrega em três meses.“
Não, não é uma noite em Buenos Aires, rather, “this is a pricing situation in which the prices of futures contracts are higher the further out the maturities are. This is the normal pricing pattern because carrying charges such as storage, interest expense, and insurance have to be paid in order to hold onto a commodity. It is the opposite of backwardation.”
“He explained how contango affects the crude oil. Contango is one of the simplest arbitrages in the markets: you buy oil today, contract to sell it at a higher price in a few months' time, and just sit on it in the interim. Oil market participants win precisely because they can play the contango trade effectively and predictably. “
“O mercado de petróleo começa a apresentar um fenômeno característico dos momentos de crise quando os preços do barril desabam. Esse fenômeno é conhecido como contango. O contango é o diferencial entre o preço do barril para entrega imediata e o do barril no mercado futuro. “
Backwardation: Não se traduz. Margem de cobertura; preço para entrega em curto prazo que excede aquele para entrega posteriormente; espécie de comissão e juros em razão da venda de ações a descoberto para entrega futura.
“A Bolsa de Metais de Londres impôs limites de backwardation ao níquel."
“Os crescentes estoques fizeram os preços do cobre caírem numa margem de cobertura, ou "backwardation", no qual o cobre no preço à vista é atualmente US$ XX mais caro do que o de entrega em três meses.“
CONTEMN
To view with contempt; despise (desprezar, menosprezar, desdenhar).
Esta é uma palavra interessante, parecida com “condemn”, mas é uma palavra negativa.
Não tenho muita simpatia por palavras negativas. Quando eu morava no Iraque, tinha aulas de árabe com o Youssef (por onde andará o Youssef?), intérprete libanês que vivia no Brasil e nos acompanhou ao Iraque. O Youssef se recusava a nos ensinar palavras feias (não que alguém pedisse) mas, sábio e diplomático como era, só nos ensinava a falar coisas bonitas, elogios, poesias. E assim, quando encontrávamos algum iraquiano e podíamos mostrar o nosso (parco) conhecimento de árabe era só para dizer: “Como este país é lindo! O por-do-sol é maravilhoso! As tâmaras são muito doces! O calor lembra a minha terra, o Brasil. A história deste país é a história da eternidade.” E por aí afora. Todo mundo ficava feliz.
Suggested Usage: Give "hate" and "despise" a rest and try "I contemn everything he stands for," carefully articulating the "t". "Mary contemns the way her neighbors reduplicate her garden in theirs." (Source: Your Dictionary)
Esta é uma palavra interessante, parecida com “condemn”, mas é uma palavra negativa.
Não tenho muita simpatia por palavras negativas. Quando eu morava no Iraque, tinha aulas de árabe com o Youssef (por onde andará o Youssef?), intérprete libanês que vivia no Brasil e nos acompanhou ao Iraque. O Youssef se recusava a nos ensinar palavras feias (não que alguém pedisse) mas, sábio e diplomático como era, só nos ensinava a falar coisas bonitas, elogios, poesias. E assim, quando encontrávamos algum iraquiano e podíamos mostrar o nosso (parco) conhecimento de árabe era só para dizer: “Como este país é lindo! O por-do-sol é maravilhoso! As tâmaras são muito doces! O calor lembra a minha terra, o Brasil. A história deste país é a história da eternidade.” E por aí afora. Todo mundo ficava feliz.
Suggested Usage: Give "hate" and "despise" a rest and try "I contemn everything he stands for," carefully articulating the "t". "Mary contemns the way her neighbors reduplicate her garden in theirs." (Source: Your Dictionary)
2.27.2009
BAILOUT
cobertura do déficit; operação de socorro; pacote de ajuda
"First it was financial institutions, then the automotive industry. Now it seems as if "la crisi finanziaria mondiale" has even hit Parmigiano-Reggiano. According to The Wall Street Journal, "...though demand for parmigiano is strong in Italy and abroad, producers have been struggling for years to make money, putting the future of Italy's favorite cheese at risk." So in an effort to help producers of the cheese commonly grated over spaghetti, fettuccine, and other pastas, the Italian government has decided on a bailout plan and is buying 100,000 wheels of Parmigiano-Reggiano and donating them to charity. What's next? Who will need a bailout too?"
"First it was financial institutions, then the automotive industry. Now it seems as if "la crisi finanziaria mondiale" has even hit Parmigiano-Reggiano. According to The Wall Street Journal, "...though demand for parmigiano is strong in Italy and abroad, producers have been struggling for years to make money, putting the future of Italy's favorite cheese at risk." So in an effort to help producers of the cheese commonly grated over spaghetti, fettuccine, and other pastas, the Italian government has decided on a bailout plan and is buying 100,000 wheels of Parmigiano-Reggiano and donating them to charity. What's next? Who will need a bailout too?"
2.20.2009
BULLY / BULLYING / BULLYRAG
O noticiário de hoje comenta as medidas que serão tomadas para coibir, na escola, comportamentos caracterizados como “bullying”. O site “http://www.bullying.com.br” trata disso especificamente e dá a seguinte conceituação:
"O termo BULLYING compreende todas as formas de atitudes agressivas, intencionais e repetidas, que ocorrem sem motivação evidente, adotadas por um ou mais estudantes contra outro(s), causando dor e angústia, e executadas dentro de uma relação desigual de poder. Portanto, os atos repetidos entre iguais (estudantes) e o desequilíbrio de poder são as características essenciais, que tornam possível a intimidação da vítima.
Por não existir uma palavra na língua portuguesa capaz de expressar todas as situações de BULLYING possíveis, o quadro, a seguir, relaciona algumas ações que podem estar presentes: Agredir - Ameaçar - Amedrontar - Assediar - Aterrorizar - Bater - Chutar - Colocar apelidos - Discriminar - Dominar - Empurrar - Encarnar - Excluir - Fazer sofrer - Ferir - Gozar - Humilhar - Ignorar - Intimidar - Isolar - Maltratar - Ofender – Oprimir - Perseguir - Quebrar pertences - Roubar - Sacanear - Tiranizar - Zoar."
O termo “BULLY” também pode significar:
Bravo! Muito bem! (Bully for you!)
Carne Salgada (Bully beef)
Início do jogo de hóquei (Bully-off)
Apesar de ter tantos sinônimos em português, parece que o termo em inglês ("bullying") é o único a comunicar exatamente a qual comportamento estamos nos referindo. Mais uma vez caminhamos para o bilinguismo (bilingualism). Isso é bom ou ruim?
"O termo BULLYING compreende todas as formas de atitudes agressivas, intencionais e repetidas, que ocorrem sem motivação evidente, adotadas por um ou mais estudantes contra outro(s), causando dor e angústia, e executadas dentro de uma relação desigual de poder. Portanto, os atos repetidos entre iguais (estudantes) e o desequilíbrio de poder são as características essenciais, que tornam possível a intimidação da vítima.
Por não existir uma palavra na língua portuguesa capaz de expressar todas as situações de BULLYING possíveis, o quadro, a seguir, relaciona algumas ações que podem estar presentes: Agredir - Ameaçar - Amedrontar - Assediar - Aterrorizar - Bater - Chutar - Colocar apelidos - Discriminar - Dominar - Empurrar - Encarnar - Excluir - Fazer sofrer - Ferir - Gozar - Humilhar - Ignorar - Intimidar - Isolar - Maltratar - Ofender – Oprimir - Perseguir - Quebrar pertences - Roubar - Sacanear - Tiranizar - Zoar."
O termo “BULLY” também pode significar:
Bravo! Muito bem! (Bully for you!)
Carne Salgada (Bully beef)
Início do jogo de hóquei (Bully-off)
Apesar de ter tantos sinônimos em português, parece que o termo em inglês ("bullying") é o único a comunicar exatamente a qual comportamento estamos nos referindo. Mais uma vez caminhamos para o bilinguismo (bilingualism). Isso é bom ou ruim?
SUFFUSE / PERFUSE / INFUSE / EFFUSE
Suffuse: To spread throughout or all over, to permeate or infuse thoroughly (impregnar, derramar, cobrir, molhar, difundir). suffusion/suffusive ("tending to suffuse") as a suffusive sense of happiness at the arrival of spring. Examples: "The sky above the roof is suffused with deep colors”. "The soil was suffused with so much mercury that nothing could be built on it." "Her every word was suffused with warmth and understanding."
Perfuse: To pour all over or throughout (perfundir, derramar, aspergir). Force a fluid through (a body part or tissue); 'perfuse a liver with a salt solution'
Infuse: To infuse is to pour into so as to permeate (infundir, administrar, inspirar). Ex.: Remove from the heat, cover and leave to infuse for 30 minutes.This strike will infuse new life into their ranks. She even manages to infuse warmth and humanity into her novel.
Effuse: to pour forth, usually profusely, as blood from a serious wound or good spirits from a happy person (efundir, emitir / irradiar (metaforicamente) derramar, verter, despejar). Effusive (efusivo). Ex.: His walk, talk and actions seem to effuse comedy. 'The room effuses happiness' .
Source: Answers.com / YourDictionay / Et al
Perfuse: To pour all over or throughout (perfundir, derramar, aspergir). Force a fluid through (a body part or tissue); 'perfuse a liver with a salt solution'
Infuse: To infuse is to pour into so as to permeate (infundir, administrar, inspirar). Ex.: Remove from the heat, cover and leave to infuse for 30 minutes.This strike will infuse new life into their ranks. She even manages to infuse warmth and humanity into her novel.
Effuse: to pour forth, usually profusely, as blood from a serious wound or good spirits from a happy person (efundir, emitir / irradiar (metaforicamente) derramar, verter, despejar). Effusive (efusivo). Ex.: His walk, talk and actions seem to effuse comedy. 'The room effuses happiness' .
Source: Answers.com / YourDictionay / Et al
ARE GENERICS AND BRAND NAMES IDENTICAL?
Este artigo, do site ThirdAge.com, além de interessante, contém um bom vocabulário na área farmacêutica.
"In answering the question "What are Generic Drugs?" on its Web site, the Food and Drug Administration states unequivocally: "A generic drug is identical, or bioequivalent to a brand name drug in dosage form, safety, strength, route of administration, quality, performance characteristics and intended use." But just how true is that?
If you check the Oxford Dictionary, you will find this definition for the word "identical": adj. 1. agreeing in every detail. 2. one and the same. The Merriam-Webster online dictionary defines "identical" as 1: being the same 2: having such close resemblance as to be essentially the same.
Given such definitions, it's only logical that patients, physicians and pharmacists would assume that all generic drugs are exactly the same as their brand-name counterparts. The reality, however, is not so clear. For one thing, the FDA does not require generic drugs to contain the same inactive ingredients as the brand-name products. That means colors, binders and fillers (that often make up the majority of the pills) can be quite different. In some cases, this may mean someone is allergic to one formulation of a generic drug even though he tolerates the brand name. Many pills are designed to release the active ingredient over a sustained period of time. Generic products may use a different formulation. This may alter the way in which the medicine gets into the bloodstream. "
"In answering the question "What are Generic Drugs?" on its Web site, the Food and Drug Administration states unequivocally: "A generic drug is identical, or bioequivalent to a brand name drug in dosage form, safety, strength, route of administration, quality, performance characteristics and intended use." But just how true is that?
If you check the Oxford Dictionary, you will find this definition for the word "identical": adj. 1. agreeing in every detail. 2. one and the same. The Merriam-Webster online dictionary defines "identical" as 1: being the same 2: having such close resemblance as to be essentially the same.
Given such definitions, it's only logical that patients, physicians and pharmacists would assume that all generic drugs are exactly the same as their brand-name counterparts. The reality, however, is not so clear. For one thing, the FDA does not require generic drugs to contain the same inactive ingredients as the brand-name products. That means colors, binders and fillers (that often make up the majority of the pills) can be quite different. In some cases, this may mean someone is allergic to one formulation of a generic drug even though he tolerates the brand name. Many pills are designed to release the active ingredient over a sustained period of time. Generic products may use a different formulation. This may alter the way in which the medicine gets into the bloodstream. "
2.11.2009
DEVOLVE = DELEGATE = PASS ON
PASSAR / DELEGAR
To pass on or delegate to another: The senator devolved the duties of office upon a group of aides.
v.intr.
To be passed on or transferred to another: The burden of proof devolved upon the defendant. The estate devolved to an unlikely heir.
To degenerate or deteriorate gradually: After several hours the discussion had devolved into a shouting match.
Archaic. To roll onward or downward.
Source: YourDictionary
To pass on or delegate to another: The senator devolved the duties of office upon a group of aides.
v.intr.
To be passed on or transferred to another: The burden of proof devolved upon the defendant. The estate devolved to an unlikely heir.
To degenerate or deteriorate gradually: After several hours the discussion had devolved into a shouting match.
Archaic. To roll onward or downward.
Source: YourDictionary
1.31.2009
LAWYERS: BILLABLE HOUR VS. FLAT FEE VS. SUCCESS FEE
horas trabalhadas/horas faturáveis vs. honorários fixos vs. honorários de êxito/sucesso
loss of suit cost / losing party’s cost = honorários da sucumbência
"I'm a Trial Lawyer, I Bill by the Hour... This Needs to be Fixed". "Evan Chesler, a Cravath lifer and the firm’s presiding partner (Cravath, Swaine & Moore), writing in Forbes, has become the most recent high profile lawyer to call for nthe end of the billable hour. In the upcoming issue of Forbes, in an article called “Kill the Billable Hour,” he writes: “The billable hour makes no sense, not even for lawyers. If you are successful and win a case early on, you put yourself out of work. If you get bogged down in a land war in Asia, you make more money. That is frankly nuts.” (http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2009/0112/026.html)
"Lawyers are having trouble defending the most basic yardstick of the legal business — the billable hour. ... Mr. Chesler, who is an advocate of the new billing practices, said that instead of paying for hours worked, more clients are paying Cravath flat fees for handling transactions and success fees for positive outcomes, as well as payments for meeting other benchmarks. He said that such arrangements were still a relatively small part of his firm’s total business, but declined to discuss billable rates and prices in detail." [International Herald Tribune - http:// www.iht.com/articles/2009/01/30/business/hours.3-419545.php]
loss of suit cost / losing party’s cost = honorários da sucumbência
"I'm a Trial Lawyer, I Bill by the Hour... This Needs to be Fixed". "Evan Chesler, a Cravath lifer and the firm’s presiding partner (Cravath, Swaine & Moore), writing in Forbes, has become the most recent high profile lawyer to call for nthe end of the billable hour. In the upcoming issue of Forbes, in an article called “Kill the Billable Hour,” he writes: “The billable hour makes no sense, not even for lawyers. If you are successful and win a case early on, you put yourself out of work. If you get bogged down in a land war in Asia, you make more money. That is frankly nuts.” (http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2009/0112/026.html)
"Lawyers are having trouble defending the most basic yardstick of the legal business — the billable hour. ... Mr. Chesler, who is an advocate of the new billing practices, said that instead of paying for hours worked, more clients are paying Cravath flat fees for handling transactions and success fees for positive outcomes, as well as payments for meeting other benchmarks. He said that such arrangements were still a relatively small part of his firm’s total business, but declined to discuss billable rates and prices in detail." [International Herald Tribune - http:// www.iht.com/articles/2009/01/30/business/hours.3-419545.php]
1.22.2009
TO USE OR NOT TO USE “SHALL" IN AGREEMENTS
Há muita discussão, até mesmo nos países de língua inglesa, sobre o uso de “shall” em contratos. Os “pros and cons” praticamente empatam e, s.m.j. (salvo melhor juízo) (ou melhor opção), o uso de “shall” segue “undisturbed”. Para maiores detalhes sobre essa pendenga, veja a opinião de nativos nos links correspondentes:
“In my recent article advocating disciplined use of shall I mention that I haven’t seen any evidence of a flight from shall.” (http://adamsdrafting.com/system/2007/11/30/law-firm-forbids-shall-question-mark)
“I take a position between these two extremes. I recommend that for purposes of business contracts you use "shall" only to impose an obligation on the subject of a sentence -- in other words, to convey the meaning "has a duty to." Eliminating "shall" entirely has little to recommend it: replacing it with "must" would eliminate a useful distinction along with only negligible risks; lawyers find "must" unduly bossy; and "will" is even less promising as an alternative. (http://www.law.com/jsp/ihc/PubArticleIHC.jsp?id=1193043817930)
"Use of "shall", "will", "may", and "should". For mandatory requirements in the specifications use "The Contractor shall". For requirements to be fulfilled by the government use "The Government will". Use "may" to allow an option. Never use "should" in the specifications. (http: //www.swt.usace.army.mil/specs/instructions_2.htm)
"the use of "shall" to mean a requirement and "should" a recommendation." (http://www.ideals.uiuc.edu/bitstream/2142/7572/1/librarytrendsv36i4_ocr.txt)
"...whether we should use will' or shall' in the relevant parts of our speech or writing. ...the future tense required will' for everyone except the first person singular and plural, when the correct use is shall'.
She quotes: "You will have my reply tomorrow" (future tense), but "You shall go to the ball" (determination). http://www.darlingtonandstocktontimes.co.uk/news/1821906.a_day_once_set_aside_for_hirings_firings_and_all_the_fun_of_the_fair/
SHALL: indica “dever”, “obrigação”. Nesse sentido, somente pode ser usado por pessoas, não por objetos. Uma regrinha básica [rule of thumb]: Use “shall” somente quando “shall” puder ser substituído por “has the duty to”. Por exemplo: X shall (has the duty to) pay Y an amount equal to... The meeting will take place at...
MAY: dever/obrigação de agir; direito/privilégio/poder
MUST: dever/obrigação de agir
MAY NOT: direito/privilégio/poder restrito
“In my recent article advocating disciplined use of shall I mention that I haven’t seen any evidence of a flight from shall.” (http://adamsdrafting.com/system/2007/11/30/law-firm-forbids-shall-question-mark)
“I take a position between these two extremes. I recommend that for purposes of business contracts you use "shall" only to impose an obligation on the subject of a sentence -- in other words, to convey the meaning "has a duty to." Eliminating "shall" entirely has little to recommend it: replacing it with "must" would eliminate a useful distinction along with only negligible risks; lawyers find "must" unduly bossy; and "will" is even less promising as an alternative. (http://www.law.com/jsp/ihc/PubArticleIHC.jsp?id=1193043817930)
"Use of "shall", "will", "may", and "should". For mandatory requirements in the specifications use "The Contractor shall". For requirements to be fulfilled by the government use "The Government will". Use "may" to allow an option. Never use "should" in the specifications. (http: //www.swt.usace.army.mil/specs/instructions_2.htm)
"the use of "shall" to mean a requirement and "should" a recommendation." (http://www.ideals.uiuc.edu/bitstream/2142/7572/1/librarytrendsv36i4_ocr.txt)
"...whether we should use will' or shall' in the relevant parts of our speech or writing. ...the future tense required will' for everyone except the first person singular and plural, when the correct use is shall'.
She quotes: "You will have my reply tomorrow" (future tense), but "You shall go to the ball" (determination). http://www.darlingtonandstocktontimes.co.uk/news/1821906.a_day_once_set_aside_for_hirings_firings_and_all_the_fun_of_the_fair/
SHALL: indica “dever”, “obrigação”. Nesse sentido, somente pode ser usado por pessoas, não por objetos. Uma regrinha básica [rule of thumb]: Use “shall” somente quando “shall” puder ser substituído por “has the duty to”. Por exemplo: X shall (has the duty to) pay Y an amount equal to... The meeting will take place at...
MAY: dever/obrigação de agir; direito/privilégio/poder
MUST: dever/obrigação de agir
MAY NOT: direito/privilégio/poder restrito
1.21.2009
PICK OURSELVES UP, DUST OURSELVES OFF, AND BEGIN AGAIN
"levantar, sacudir a poeira e dar a volta por cima"
Acabo de receber de uma amiga (MCV) essa ótima tradução para este excerto do discurso do Obama: "Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America."
Acabo de receber de uma amiga (MCV) essa ótima tradução para este excerto do discurso do Obama: "Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America."
1.17.2009
WHISTLE / WHISTLER / WHISTLEBLOWER / WHISTLE STOP TOUR
Whistle: Verb: (assobiar/assoviar) To produce a clear musical sound by forcing air through the teeth or through an aperture formed by pursing the lips. Noun: (assobio/assovio/apito): A small wind instrument for making whistling sounds by means of the breath. A device for making whistling sounds by means of forced air or steam: a factory whistle.
Whistler: (assobiador/apitador) One that whistles: a whistler of popular tune
Whistleblower: (fiscal/vigilante/denunciante/delator/informante) One who reveals wrongdoing within an organization to the public or to those in positions of authority: “The Pentagon's most famous whistleblower is . . . hoping to get another chance to search for government waste” (Washington Post).
Blow the whistle: (delatar/informar) (a) Expose corruption or other wrongdoing, as in The President's speech blew the whistle on the opposition's leaking information. b) Put a stop to, as in: The registry decided to blow the whistle on new vanity plates. The term originally alluded to ending an activity (such as factory work) with the blast of a whistle.
Whistleblowing: (denúncia): Whistleblowing at work : tough choices in exposing fraud, waste, and abuse on ...
Whistle Stop Tour: (Tour de Trem) a) A town or station at which a train stops only if signaled. b) A brief appearance of a political candidate in a small town, traditionally on the observation platform of a train:
Obama Kicks Off 'Whistle-Stop' Tour (OBAMA INICIA TOUR DE TREM) - Obama appealed to Americans to persevere through hard times as he kicked off a "whistle-stop" train tour from Philadelphia to Washington.
Source: Answers.com; New York Times, etc.
Whistler: (assobiador/apitador) One that whistles: a whistler of popular tune
Whistleblower: (fiscal/vigilante/denunciante/delator/informante) One who reveals wrongdoing within an organization to the public or to those in positions of authority: “The Pentagon's most famous whistleblower is . . . hoping to get another chance to search for government waste” (Washington Post).
Blow the whistle: (delatar/informar) (a) Expose corruption or other wrongdoing, as in The President's speech blew the whistle on the opposition's leaking information. b) Put a stop to, as in: The registry decided to blow the whistle on new vanity plates. The term originally alluded to ending an activity (such as factory work) with the blast of a whistle.
Whistleblowing: (denúncia): Whistleblowing at work : tough choices in exposing fraud, waste, and abuse on ...
Whistle Stop Tour: (Tour de Trem) a) A town or station at which a train stops only if signaled. b) A brief appearance of a political candidate in a small town, traditionally on the observation platform of a train:
Obama Kicks Off 'Whistle-Stop' Tour (OBAMA INICIA TOUR DE TREM) - Obama appealed to Americans to persevere through hard times as he kicked off a "whistle-stop" train tour from Philadelphia to Washington.
Source: Answers.com; New York Times, etc.
1.15.2009
INNATE / BORN / INBORN / INSTINCTIVE / INBRED / CONGENITAL / HEREDITARY
An ability that is inborn or instinctive. These adjectives mean existing in a person or thing from birth or origin. Ex.: a born athlete
Something that is innate seems essential to the nature, character, or constitution: innate common sense.
Inborn strongly implies that something has been present since birth: inborn intelligence.
What is inbred has often been ingrained through earliest training or associations: an inbred love of music.
Congenital is applied principally to characteristics, especially defects, acquired during fetal development: a congenital disease. It is also used figuratively of characteristics or people with characteristics that are so deep-seated as to appear natural: a congenital pessimism; a congenital liar.
Hereditary refers to what is transmitted by biological heredity (a hereditary heart anomaly) or by tradition: “that ignorance and superstitiousness hereditary to all sailors” (Herman Melville). Source: Answers.com
Something that is innate seems essential to the nature, character, or constitution: innate common sense.
Inborn strongly implies that something has been present since birth: inborn intelligence.
What is inbred has often been ingrained through earliest training or associations: an inbred love of music.
Congenital is applied principally to characteristics, especially defects, acquired during fetal development: a congenital disease. It is also used figuratively of characteristics or people with characteristics that are so deep-seated as to appear natural: a congenital pessimism; a congenital liar.
Hereditary refers to what is transmitted by biological heredity (a hereditary heart anomaly) or by tradition: “that ignorance and superstitiousness hereditary to all sailors” (Herman Melville). Source: Answers.com
1.12.2009
THE JOKER
O noticiário de hoje informa os ganhadores do 2009 Golden Globe, entre os quais, Heath Andrew Ledger (4 Apr 1979–22 Jan 2008) an Australian television and film actor, for Best Supporting Actor (Melhor Ator Coadjuvante) in a motion picture.. He has also been nominated for and won awards for his portrayal of the Joker (Curinga ou Coringa) in The Dark Knight, including a Best Actor International award at the 2008 Australian Film Institute Awards, for which he became the first actor to win an award posthumously (postumamente), and, also posthumously, the 2008 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards for Best Supporting Actor.
Source: Wikipedia
Source: Wikipedia
1.09.2009
URBANE
(adjective) = Suave, polite, sophisticated. Usage: This is a straight-forward word with no pitfalls to look out for: "His urbane manner impressed everyone at dinner." Suggested Usage: Use this term to refer to people who are sophisticated as a result of education, travel, and intelligent experience: "Lucy's travels have left her an urbane commentator on world politics." "She also has urbane tastes in cuisine."
Source: Your Dictionary
Source: Your Dictionary
1.07.2009
CONTINUALLY / CONTINUOUSLY
Yes, there is a slight difference, although most people (and even many dictionaries) treat them the same.
Continually means repeatedly, with breaks in between.
Continuously means without interruption, in an unbroken stream.
Ex.: Heidi has to wind the cuckoo clock continually to keep it running continuously. (If it's important to emphasize the distinction, it's probably better to use periodically or intermittently instead of continually to describe something that starts and stops.) The same distinction, by the way, applies to continual and continuous, the adjective forms.
Source: Your Dictionary
Continually means repeatedly, with breaks in between.
Continuously means without interruption, in an unbroken stream.
Ex.: Heidi has to wind the cuckoo clock continually to keep it running continuously. (If it's important to emphasize the distinction, it's probably better to use periodically or intermittently instead of continually to describe something that starts and stops.) The same distinction, by the way, applies to continual and continuous, the adjective forms.
Source: Your Dictionary
1.05.2009
REFORMA ORTOGRÁFICA
Alfabeto: + k, y e w
Trema: Eliminado, exceto em nomes próprios e seus derivados.
Hífen: Não mais usado quando a primeira palavra terminar com vogal e a segunda começar com consoante (Agora: antirrugas, autorretrato), ou quando a primeira palavra terminar com letra diferente da que começar a segunda (Agora: autoestrada, infraestrutura). Será usado quando a palavra seguinte começa com b, h, r, m, n ou com vogal igual à ultima do prefixo (Agora: anti-imperialista, super-homem, inter-regional, sub-base) e quando a primeira palavra terminar com vogal ou consoante igual à letra que começar a segunda (Agora:micro-ônibus, contra-ataque, micro-ondas)
Acento agudo: Eliminado em ditongos abertos ‘‘ei’’ e ‘‘oi’’ de paroxítonas, paroxítonas com ‘‘i’’ e ‘‘u’’ tônicos precedidos de ditongo, nas formas verbais com ‘‘u’’ tônico, precedido de ‘‘g’’ ou ‘‘q’’ e seguido de ‘‘e’’ ou ‘‘i’’, “i” e no “u” tônicos quando vierem depois de ditongo em palavras paroxítonas. (Agora: jiboia, apoio, plateia, europeia, feiura). As palavras herói, papéis e troféu continuam sendo acentuadas porque têm a ultima sílaba mais forte. O acento permanece se o “i” ou o “u” estiverem na ultima sílaba (Piauí e tuiuiú). Na letra “u” dos grupos que, qui, gue e gui o acento também deixa de existir (Agora: averigue).
Acento diferencial: Eliminado em alguns casos (Agora: para, pela, pelo, polo, pera). (O acento diferencial não deixa de ser usado em pôr (verbo) / por (preposição) e pôde (pretérito) / pode (presente). Fôrma também continua sendo acentuada para ser diferenciada de forma.
Acento circunflexo: Eliminado na terceira pessoa do plural do presente do indicativo ou do subjuntivo dos verbos crer , dar, ler, ver e seus derivados; palavras terminadas em hiato ‘‘oo’’. Também eliminado nas palavras terminadas em “êem” e “ôo” (Agora: creem, veem, leem, enjoo)
Veja, no link abaixo, uma tabela publicada pela Folha:
http://media.folha.uol.com.br/educacao/2009/01/02/reforma_ortografia.pdf
Trema: Eliminado, exceto em nomes próprios e seus derivados.
Hífen: Não mais usado quando a primeira palavra terminar com vogal e a segunda começar com consoante (Agora: antirrugas, autorretrato), ou quando a primeira palavra terminar com letra diferente da que começar a segunda (Agora: autoestrada, infraestrutura). Será usado quando a palavra seguinte começa com b, h, r, m, n ou com vogal igual à ultima do prefixo (Agora: anti-imperialista, super-homem, inter-regional, sub-base) e quando a primeira palavra terminar com vogal ou consoante igual à letra que começar a segunda (Agora:micro-ônibus, contra-ataque, micro-ondas)
Acento agudo: Eliminado em ditongos abertos ‘‘ei’’ e ‘‘oi’’ de paroxítonas, paroxítonas com ‘‘i’’ e ‘‘u’’ tônicos precedidos de ditongo, nas formas verbais com ‘‘u’’ tônico, precedido de ‘‘g’’ ou ‘‘q’’ e seguido de ‘‘e’’ ou ‘‘i’’, “i” e no “u” tônicos quando vierem depois de ditongo em palavras paroxítonas. (Agora: jiboia, apoio, plateia, europeia, feiura). As palavras herói, papéis e troféu continuam sendo acentuadas porque têm a ultima sílaba mais forte. O acento permanece se o “i” ou o “u” estiverem na ultima sílaba (Piauí e tuiuiú). Na letra “u” dos grupos que, qui, gue e gui o acento também deixa de existir (Agora: averigue).
Acento diferencial: Eliminado em alguns casos (Agora: para, pela, pelo, polo, pera). (O acento diferencial não deixa de ser usado em pôr (verbo) / por (preposição) e pôde (pretérito) / pode (presente). Fôrma também continua sendo acentuada para ser diferenciada de forma.
Acento circunflexo: Eliminado na terceira pessoa do plural do presente do indicativo ou do subjuntivo dos verbos crer , dar, ler, ver e seus derivados; palavras terminadas em hiato ‘‘oo’’. Também eliminado nas palavras terminadas em “êem” e “ôo” (Agora: creem, veem, leem, enjoo)
Veja, no link abaixo, uma tabela publicada pela Folha:
http://media.folha.uol.com.br/educacao/2009/01/02/reforma_ortografia.pdf
TITTLE / TILDE
Vamos começar o ano de trabalho “dotting our ‘is’ ” colocando os pingos nos “is” (ainda mais depois da reforma ortográfica!) (ou é melhor esperar passar o carnaval?)
tittle (noun): til (the tilde on “ã”), pingo (no “i”[the dot on an “i”]), ponto, traço:
(1) A small jot, the dot of an [i], cross on a [t], the beard on [ç], or a discritic such as the tilde on [ñ]; (2) something minute, incredibly tiny, smaller even than an iota—indeed, an iota (Greek short [i]) is capped by a tittle.
tilde (noun): A mark used over an n (ñ) or over a vowel (ã). or to express negation in mathematics or logic, etc. You cannot use tildes ( ~ ) as part of a URI on Windows NT systems. Please DO NOT use the tilde character in your filenames. Players can press the tilde key ( the ~ key ) from any game screen to bring down ( and/or raise ) their console. Google has added a synonym function, using the tilde symbol ( the curly horizontal line or ' ~ ' to be exact ).
"Tittle" is unrelated to the verb "to tittle," which was clipped from the rhyme compound "tittle-tattle." It should not be confused with a titter, either, for that is a suppressed giggle. Think of a tittle as the smallest thing or amount visible without a microscope. Originally, "tittle" referred to those itsy-bitsy appendages added to letters in some languages, "Red Ard did almost fail French for consistently omitting the tittles on his written French." Although we classify today's word as a noun, it probably is used today more often as a quantifier, specifying how much, "When Lucinda dropped her ice cream cone on Hardy Root's head, he didn't move a tittle (não moveu um músculo). "I'll quote him to a tittle," meaning precisely, without omitting so much as a tittle. Somewhere over the years that followed, "to a tittle" was apparently confused with the phrase, "cross all your Ts (and dot your Is)," which also referred to exactitude. Ultimately, "to a tittle" was reduced to "to a T." Now we can quote or describe someone to a T, meaning absolutely exactly.
Source: YourDictionary
tittle (noun): til (the tilde on “ã”), pingo (no “i”[the dot on an “i”]), ponto, traço:
(1) A small jot, the dot of an [i], cross on a [t], the beard on [ç], or a discritic such as the tilde on [ñ]; (2) something minute, incredibly tiny, smaller even than an iota—indeed, an iota (Greek short [i]) is capped by a tittle.
tilde (noun): A mark used over an n (ñ) or over a vowel (ã). or to express negation in mathematics or logic, etc. You cannot use tildes ( ~ ) as part of a URI on Windows NT systems. Please DO NOT use the tilde character in your filenames. Players can press the tilde key ( the ~ key ) from any game screen to bring down ( and/or raise ) their console. Google has added a synonym function, using the tilde symbol ( the curly horizontal line or ' ~ ' to be exact ).
"Tittle" is unrelated to the verb "to tittle," which was clipped from the rhyme compound "tittle-tattle." It should not be confused with a titter, either, for that is a suppressed giggle. Think of a tittle as the smallest thing or amount visible without a microscope. Originally, "tittle" referred to those itsy-bitsy appendages added to letters in some languages, "Red Ard did almost fail French for consistently omitting the tittles on his written French." Although we classify today's word as a noun, it probably is used today more often as a quantifier, specifying how much, "When Lucinda dropped her ice cream cone on Hardy Root's head, he didn't move a tittle (não moveu um músculo). "I'll quote him to a tittle," meaning precisely, without omitting so much as a tittle. Somewhere over the years that followed, "to a tittle" was apparently confused with the phrase, "cross all your Ts (and dot your Is)," which also referred to exactitude. Ultimately, "to a tittle" was reduced to "to a T." Now we can quote or describe someone to a T, meaning absolutely exactly.
Source: YourDictionary
1.03.2009
ELEEMOSYNARY
adjective: : Of or related to charity; altruistic, contributed as charity. The obvious usage refers to eleemosynary institutions, eleemosynary activities, and the like. Aren't they paying you enough? Prove you deserve more by telling them that your work is not intended as an eleemosynary contribution. (If you say "charity work" they won't look up from the desk.) It is an isolated adjective with no corresponding noun or verb.
Etymology: Medieval Latin eleemosynarius "alms" which gave Late Latin eleemosyna. This word entered Old English where it was reduced to "ælmesse" and further to "almes" in Middle English. The Latin stem was borrowed from Greek eleemosyne "pity, alms" from eleos "pity, mercy."
Source: Your Dictionary
Etymology: Medieval Latin eleemosynarius "alms" which gave Late Latin eleemosyna. This word entered Old English where it was reduced to "ælmesse" and further to "almes" in Middle English. The Latin stem was borrowed from Greek eleemosyne "pity, alms" from eleos "pity, mercy."
Source: Your Dictionary
1.01.2009
NICETIES
Morei 5 anos no Iraque. Lá, tive algumas aulas de árabe. O professor, Youssef, procurava ensinar-nos somente palavras bonitas, gentis, agradáveis, poéticas. Queria que as nossas tentativas de comunicação com o povo árabe fossem trocas de gentilezas. Entre outras, aprendi “jamil(i)”/”helwa” [bonito(a)], “xucram” [obrigado]. Hoje é o “capodanno” (Na Itália, cabeça do ano, primeiro dia do ano). É um dia de palavras bonitas, sentimentos agradáveis. Por isso, vamos dedicar-nos às “niceties”.
1. Nicety (noun): the quality or state of being nice; specif.: scrupulosity/ precision; accuracy; exactness, as of discrimination or perception / fastidiousness; refinement; delicacy of taste
2. quality of calling for delicacy, accuracy, or precision in handling, discrimination, or adjustment
3. involving or calling for delicacy, accuracy, or precision; subtle or minute detail, distinction, etc.
4. choice, dainty, or elegant.
Source: YourDictionary
1. Nicety (noun): the quality or state of being nice; specif.: scrupulosity/ precision; accuracy; exactness, as of discrimination or perception / fastidiousness; refinement; delicacy of taste
2. quality of calling for delicacy, accuracy, or precision in handling, discrimination, or adjustment
3. involving or calling for delicacy, accuracy, or precision; subtle or minute detail, distinction, etc.
4. choice, dainty, or elegant.
Source: YourDictionary
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