Dicas de Tradução / Translation Tips: TO USE OR NOT TO USE “SHALL" IN AGREEMENTS

1.22.2009

TO USE OR NOT TO USE “SHALL" IN AGREEMENTS

Há muita discussão, até mesmo nos países de língua inglesa, sobre o uso de “shall” em contratos. Os “pros and cons” praticamente empatam e, s.m.j. (salvo melhor juízo) (ou melhor opção), o uso de “shall” segue “undisturbed”. Para maiores detalhes sobre essa pendenga, veja a opinião de nativos nos links correspondentes:
“In my recent article advocating disciplined use of shall I mention that I haven’t seen any evidence of a flight from shall.” (http://adamsdrafting.com/system/2007/11/30/law-firm-forbids-shall-question-mark)

“I take a position between these two extremes. I recommend that for purposes of business contracts you use "shall" only to impose an obligation on the subject of a sentence -- in other words, to convey the meaning "has a duty to." Eliminating "shall" entirely has little to recommend it: replacing it with "must" would eliminate a useful distinction along with only negligible risks; lawyers find "must" unduly bossy; and "will" is even less promising as an alternative. (http://www.law.com/jsp/ihc/PubArticleIHC.jsp?id=1193043817930)

"Use of "shall", "will", "may", and "should". For mandatory requirements in the specifications use "The Contractor shall". For requirements to be fulfilled by the government use "The Government will". Use "may" to allow an option. Never use "should" in the specifications. (http: //www.swt.usace.army.mil/specs/instructions_2.htm)

"the use of "shall" to mean a requirement and "should" a recommendation." (http://www.ideals.uiuc.edu/bitstream/2142/7572/1/librarytrendsv36i4_ocr.txt)

"...whether we should use will' or shall' in the relevant parts of our speech or writing. ...the future tense required will' for everyone except the first person singular and plural, when the correct use is shall'.
She quotes: "You will have my reply tomorrow" (future tense), but "You shall go to the ball" (determination). http://www.darlingtonandstocktontimes.co.uk/news/1821906.a_day_once_set_aside_for_hirings_firings_and_all_the_fun_of_the_fair/

SHALL: indica “dever”, “obrigação”. Nesse sentido, somente pode ser usado por pessoas, não por objetos. Uma regrinha básica [rule of thumb]: Use “shall” somente quando “shall” puder ser substituído por “has the duty to”. Por exemplo: X shall (has the duty to) pay Y an amount equal to... The meeting will take place at...
MAY: dever/obrigação de agir; direito/privilégio/poder
MUST: dever/obrigação de agir
MAY NOT: direito/privilégio/poder restrito

Rose Polato

Experiência de mais de 30 anos: 10 anos na Divisão de Engenharia de empresa norte-americana; 5 anos no Iraque, como tradutora da Mendes Júnior (construção pesada); 3 anos em empresa de auditoria (uma das Big Six) (auditoria, contratos); 20 anos em diversas áreas (+-8.000 currículos para Catho e Manager; +-40.000 laudas de tradução). Tradutora Pública e Intérprete Comercial (Juramentada) aprovada em Concurso da JUCESP(Ano 2000), Certificate of Proficiency in English /University of Michigan [EUA-1973]; International Legal English Certificate-ILEC/University of Cambridge (Inglaterra-2007].

Atualizado sempre que possível.

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Tradução: Idioma Estrangeiro-Português:(IE-P)
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Tradução: R$63,94 / lauda
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Você sabe que é um tradutor quando...

...se identifica totalmente com a música abaixo!

FIVE THOUSAND WORDS
(Lyrics and music © by Sharon Neeman)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9KbQyrxSIo

The clock showed close to quitting time;
my desk was almost clear;
I thought perhaps I'd slip

around the corner for a beer -
But the phone rang - and I answered -
and a friendly voice said "Hi!"
It was the secretary of a legal firm nearby.
She said "Oh, please excuse me

for calling this late in the day,
But we have a new petition

in a case that's under way;
Can you translate it by tomorrow?
Any time by five will do -
'Cause we wouldn't want to give the work

to anyone but you:

It's: only: Five thousand words

for tomorrow at five;
I thought "I'll do that easily;
I'll scarcely have to strive,
" So I smiled and said

"No problem;

I'll just add it to my bill,
And you'll send a check on Friday?"
And she said "You know we will."

I set to work at eight AM;

I cut my lunch date short;
By five the stuff was ready

to be filed before the Court;
I sent it off by email and

I poured a cup of tea -
And the phone rang -

and I answered -
and a lawyer asked from me:

"I've just leafed through your translation,

and I think it's very good,
And I'd like you to translate an affidavit,

if you could;
It's the size of that petition -

well, perhaps a little more -
And you know that I'd be grateful if

you'd have it in by four;

It's: only: Six thousand words

for tomorrow at four;"
I thought "I'll get up early;

I've a longish day in store,"
And I shrugged and said

"No problem;
I'll just add it to my bill
And you'll send a check on Friday?"
And he said "You know we will."

I hit the desk at seven and

I ate my lunch alone;
I never touched the Solitaire or

gossiped on the phone;
At four o'clock I sent it off and

shook my weary head -

And the phone rang -

and I answered -
and the junior partner said:
"I really have to thank you

for a job superbly done,
And I'm sure you'll be delighted,

'cause we've got another one:
I've just finished my summation,

and you know how glad I'd be

If your excellent translation

could be on my desk by three:
It's: only: Eight thousand words

for tomorrow at three;"

I thought, "It won't be easy:

but I'll have the evening free,"
So I sighed and said

"No problem; I'll just add it to my bill,

And you'll send a check on Friday?"
And she said "You know we will."

I started at five-thirty,

and my lunch was just a snack;
At three I typed the last few words

and sent the email back;
I flexed my aching fingers

and I silently rejoiced -
And the phone rang - and I answered -
and the senior partner's voice said:

"You really are a wonder,

and your talents are unique -
In fact, that's why

we've kept you very busy all this week;
Now, I know that it's short notice,

but I have to count on you -

For the Judge needs my rebuttal

to be on her desk at two:
It's: only: Ten thousand words

for tomorrow at two;"

I thought, "How can I tell him that

it's just too much to do?"

But I groaned and said

"No problem; I'll just add it to my bill,

And you'll send a check on Friday?"
And he said "You know we will."

I staggered in at four AM;

I never ate a bite;
But I got it done by two,

although it was a trifle tight;
I was dizzy, I was queasy,

and I thought I'd never budge -
But the phone rang - and I answered -
and by God, it was the Judge!

She said, "I know you're tired,

and I really hate to ask,
But there's no one in the city

that can do this one last task:
For I've handed down my ruling,"

and she gave a modest cough, "

And at one PM tomorrow,

the courier takes off:
It's: only: Twelve thousand words

for tomorrow at one;
" My mind screamed "No, Your Honor!
There are things that can't be done!"

But the words came out "No problem;
I'll just add it to my bill"
And it's been four months since Friday,
and the bastards owe me still!

1.22.2009

TO USE OR NOT TO USE “SHALL" IN AGREEMENTS

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Rose Polato

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