THE UK FLAG = THE UNION FLAG = THE UNION JACK

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. It spans an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. It consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales and its seat of government is the capital city of London. There are three devolved [delegadas] national administrations, with varying powers in Belfast, Cardiff and Edinburgh, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland respectively.

            The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland uses as its national flag the royal banner known as the Union Flag or, popularly, Union Jack. It consists of the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England), edged in white, superimposed on the Cross of St Patrick (patron saint of Ireland), which are superimposed on the Saltire of Saint Andrew (patron saint of Scotland). Wales, however, is not represented in the Union Flag by Wales' patron saint, Saint David.
            Os canais de TV mostram as ruas de Londres ornamentadas por bandeiras do Reino Unido. A casual onlooker could think that this was the only flag there. Not so fast.  Durante a última Copa, algumas casas londrinas ostentavam uma bandeira branca com uma cruz vermelha - a bandeira da Inglattera. [Algumas casas apenas, e somente durante eventos como a Copa - ostentar símbolos tais como a Bandeira em outras ocasiões pode ser visto como discriminação - something abhorrable.]

[Isso de escrever misturando os idiomas me lembra o exame que fiz para tradutor juramentado. Por sorteio, tive que comentar um artigo sobre a vida de Pelé - logo eu, que sou torcedora apenas na Copa e nunca soube as posições dos jogadores beyond atacante e goleiro [guarda-redes, em Portugal].  O examinador fazia um sinal com a mão e eu tinha que falar em português, outro sinal com a mão e mudava para o inglês e assim, sucessivamente, durante uma meia hora. Um sufoco, mas passei.]

SIGN VS. EXECUTE

execute (verb): To make valid, as by signing: execute a deed. To perform or carry out what is required by: execute the terms of a will.        When a person "executes" a document, he or she signs it with the proper "formalities". For example: If there is a legal requirement that the signature on the document be witnessed, the person executes the document by signing it in the presence of the required number of witnesses. That's why "execute" is the term used in contracts.

EFFECTIVE DATE VS. EXECUTION DATE
          The execution date is the date that the party signs the document. The effective date is the date that the agreement becomes effective and can be a specified date other than the date the agreement was signed. If no other date is specified, the contract is effective on the execution (signing) date.

JOINT AND SEVERAL LIABILITY
             This means that all liable parties are equally and personally liable for the obligations of a judgment, loan, debt or other liabilities. Being Severally Liable means that, if one liable party is unable to pay its portion of an obligation then the remaining liable parties will be responsible for their own portion as well as this unpaid portion.
Source: http://wiki.lawdepot.com/wiki/Legal_FAQ

SERVING A DOCUMENT / PROOF OF SERVICE

            To "serve" a document refers to the formal delivery of a document from one party to another in a manner that is legally acceptable. This may be accomplished in many ways including delivery in person, delivery by registered mail, delivery by process server, or for more serious matters delivery via a sheriff or bailiff. The person to whom a document is delivered may attempt to avoid or deny delivery of a document. It is prudent to use some method of verification of delivery.
            Proof of Service is evidence that can be introduced into court to verify that the party did in fact receive a copy of a document.
            A document may also be served by certified or registered mail.

JANDALS = FLIP-FLOP FOOTWEAR = THONG SANDALS = TOESIES = SLIPPERS = HAVAIANAS

Also called flip-flops, thong sandals, zories, slip slaps, thongs, pluggers,and toesies or slippers, jandals are an open type of flat soled sandals held loosely on the foot by a Y-shaped strap, like a thin thong, that passes between the first and second toes. Unlike sandals, jandals do not secure the ankle. The word jandal is an abbreviation of the term "Japanese Sandal" and is often used to denote Asian flip-flop type footwear.
Resumindo: havaianas

BORDÃO = TAGLINE

Hoje me perguntaram como traduzir os bordões de um programa de TV.
"Se vira nos 30"
          Acho que poderia ser: "Do your thing in half a minute"
          Encontrei estas traduções na rede:
          Fend for yourself in thirty seconds!
          You have to manage on your own.
          Make do in 30 seconds!
          Do it by yourself in 30 seconds!"
          "Find a way in 30!"
"Quem sabe faz ao vivo": He who knows does it live!
"O loco, meu": Crazy, dude! Gnarly, man!

CONVERSA DE ÔNIBUS

Hoje acordei com a lembrança de uma simpática casa de chá em Tower Hamlets e resolvi que não faria café, sairia da frente do computador e tomaria café em uma "boulangerie" que faz pão de "beaujolais", azeite e nozes, aqui nas imediações.
             Também resolvi ir de ônibus e apreciar a paisagem (pena que não havia um segundo andar). Mas o que me chamou mesmo a atenção foi a conversa entre o cobrador e o motorista:
             "- Cara, você lembra do Melancia? Ele agora tá na roda na XX [empresa]. Quando ele tirou a carteira [de habilitação] dele, era para eu ter tirado também e hoje estaria na roda. Mas eu vacilei... Daí que fui para aquela pegada [emprego] na YY. Lá eu rendia [substituía] o Zóio de Boneca. "
             "- E você conheceu o João Leno? Ele ficou bastante tempo na roda, mas foi pra roça [despedido]. Agora tá em outro trampo, com outras paradas."
             Aí a minha parada também chegou e desci [alighted].

SANCTION: Positive and negative meanings

Sanction is a tricky word that has two contradictory meanings -- one positive and the other negative.
noun:         official permission or approval for something / The management refused to grant a sanction for his proposed move to a rival football club. authorization
1.Authoritative permission or approval that makes a course of action valid. See synonyms at permission.
2.Support or encouragement, as from public opinion or established custom.
3.A consideration, influence, or principle that dictates an ethical choice.
4.a.A law or decree. b.The penalty for noncompliance specified in a law or decree.
5.A penalty, specified or in the form of moral pressure, that acts to ensure compliance or conformity.
6.A coercive measure adopted usually by several nations acting together against a nation violating international law.
             Antonyms: ban, disapproval, prevention, prohibition, refusal, veto, embargo, punishment /
             Antonyms: award, honor, reward
verb:         to give official permission or approval for something / The board of directors sanctioned the purchase of the property.
1.To give official authorization or approval to: "The president, we are told, has sanctioned greed at the cost of compassion" (David Rankin).
2.To encourage or tolerate by indicating approval. See synonyms at approve.
3.To penalize, especially for violating a moral principle or international law.
1.To give one's consent to: allow, approbate, approve, authorize, consent, endorse, let, permit, encourage
2.To accept officially: adopt, affirm, approve, confirm, pass, ratify. See accept/reject, law.
3. to punish so as to deter
adj: sanctionable

This video is presented by TransLegal - the world leader in Legal English
                  CRIMINAL LAW: a sanction is the punishment for a criminal offense. The criminal sanction for a criminal defendant varies according to the crime and includes such measures as death, incarceration, probation, community service, and monetary fines.
                  CIVIL LAW: a sanction is that part of a law that assigns a penalty for violation of the law's provisions. The most common civil sanction is a monetary fine, but other types of sanctions exist. Depending on the case, a sanction may be the suspension or revocation of a business, professional, or hobby license, or a court order commanding a person to do or refrain from doing something. A sanction may even be tailored to the case at hand. For instance, under rule 37 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, if a party refuses to obey a discovery order, or an order to relinquish requested evidence, the court may order that the evidence sought be automatically construed in favor of the requesting party, refuse to allow the disobedient party to make claims or defenses related to the evidence, stay or postpone the case until the discovery order is obeyed, dismiss the action or render judgment for the requesting party, declare the disobedient party in contempt of court, or make any other order that is just under the circumstances.
                  CIVIL LITIGATION: sanctions are slightly different from remedies. A remedy is the relief accorded to a victorious litigant. The remedy may be money damages, an order that forbids or commands the opposing party or parties to do or refrain from doing a certain act or acts, or some other result favorable to the victorious litigant. Remedies are not always intended to punish a person, while sanctions are always punitive. Nevertheless, remedies and sanctions are similar in that they refer to a loss that a civil litigant must bear if she is found liable for a civil wrong. In some cases a party may have to remedy another party's loss as well as suffer criminal and civil sanctions, all for the same act. For example, if an attorney is professionally negligent in his handling of a client's case and steals funds from the client's trust account, the attorney may face a malpractice civil suit from the aggrieved client in which the client asks for money as a remedy for the malpractice. The attorney also may suffer sanctions from the professional conduct committee of the state bar association and criminal sanctions from a prosecution for the theft.
                  The CONTEMPT-OF-COURT OFFENSE provides a flexible form of sanction. Contempt-of-court sanctions may be either civil or criminal. The court may order a party to pay a fine or suffer some setback in the case (civil contempt), or it may order that the party be placed in jail (criminal contempt). The basic difference between the two is that criminal contempt is an act of disrespect toward the court, whereas civil contempt acts tend to be less offensive transgressions, such as the unintentional failure to comply with discovery orders or to perform other acts ordered by the court.
                  A common form of sanction is the ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCY SANCTION against a corporation. Corporations must follow various rules passed by federal, state, and local administrative agencies authorized by lawmaking bodies to regulate specific topics of government concern. If a business does not obey agency rules that apply to it, it may face sanctions levied by the administrative agency responsible for enforcing the rules. For example, federal and state environmental protection agencies are authorized by statute to levy fines against businesses that violate environmental laws and regulations.
                  An INTERNATIONAL SANCTION is a special form of sanction taken by one country against another. International sanctions are measures that are designed to bring a delinquent or renegade state into compliance with expected rules of conduct. International sanctions may be either non-forceful or military. Military sanctions can range from cutting off access to limited strikes to full-scale war. Non-forceful international sanctions include diplomatic measures such as the withdrawal of an ambassador, the severing of diplomatic relations, or the filing of a protest with the United Nations; financial sanctions such as denying aid or cutting off access to financial institutions; and economic sanctions such as partial or total trade embargoes. The U.N. Security Council has the authority to impose economic and military sanctions on nations that pose a threat to peace.
                  Sanctions are penalties or other means of enforcement used to provide incentives for obedience with the law, or with rules and regulations.[1] Criminal sanctions can take the form of serious punishment, such as corporal or capital punishment, incarceration, or severe fines. Within the civil law context, sanctions are usually monetary fines, levied against a party to a lawsuit or his/her attorney, for violating rules of procedure, or for abusing the judicial process. The most severe sanction in a civil lawsuit is the involuntary dismissal, with prejudice, of a complaining party's cause of action, or of the responding party's answer. This has the effect of deciding the entire action against the sanctioned party without recourse, except to the degree that an appeal or trial de novo may be allowed because of reversible error.
                  As a noun, THE TERM IS USUALLY USED IN THE PLURAL, even when it refers to a single event: if a judge fines a party, it is not said that he or she imposed a sanction, but that he or she imposed sanctions.
                  A judge may sanction a party during a legal proceeding, by which it is meant that he or she imposes penalties. In the United States federal court system, certain types of conduct are sanctionable under Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
                  Conversely and to some surprisingly, the word may be used to mean "approve of," especially in an official sense. "The law sanctions such behavior" would mean that the behavior spoken of enjoys the specific approval of law.
Tradução para o português: n. - sanção (f), consentimento (m) / v. - sancionar
Expressions: formal Sanctions / Motion for Sanctions / economic sanction / social sanction / the bourne sanction / hipaa sanctions
Sources: Translegal; Answers.com

ARBITRATOR, ARBITER, ARBITRATION AND ARBITRAGE

Arbitrators and arbiters are both types of judges but they act in different contexts.
       arbitrator (noun ): a neutral person either chosen by the parties to an arbitration agreement or by a court or arbitration institute to hear the parties' claims and render a decision. An arbitrator judges only in arbitration proceedings.
The sole arbitrator was appointed by the Chamber of Commerce.
       arbiter (noun ): an impartial (=not supporting or biased towards either of the disputing parties) person or institiution given the power to decide in a dispute.  An arbiter has the power to decide in any sort of controversy.
They can leave questions of law to the decision of a tribunal, but they cannot make it the final arbiter on a question of law.
       arbitration (noun ): the reference of a dispute to an impartial (third) person chosen by the parties who agree in advance to abide by the arbitration award issued after the hearing at which both parties have an opportunity to be heard. An arbitration proceeding is a form of alternative dispute resolution which is held outside of court.
The parties decided to refer the dispute to arbitration pursuant to the terms of their agreement.
       arbitrage (noun ): the simultaneous buying and selling of currencies or securities at two different prices in two different markets to profit from price discrepancies (=differences between two things that should be the same).
Index arbitrage and outright manipulation have come to dominate trading in some areas.
Source: Translegal


This video is presented by TransLegal - the world leader in Legal English

DURMA-SE COM UM BARULHO DESSES!

Embora francês não seja minha praia, transcrevo abaixo uma dúvida em uma lista de tradutores só para mostrar como traduzir é uma coisa complexa:
"Troisième" em "Il lui restait deux semaines avant son examen de passage en troisième." seria traduzido como ou teria qual equivalência no sistema educacional brasileiro?  
Resposta 1: Oitava série do ensino fundamental.
Resposta 2: O sistema escolar francês conta os anos de trás para frente: a "première" (terminale) é o 3º ano colegial. Portanto a "troisième" é o 1º ano colegial.

COUNTENANCE= APPROVE, SUPPORT >< DENY, DISAGREE, DISAPPROVE, DISCOURAGE, FIGHT, OPPOSE, REFUSE

To give sanction or support to; tolerate or approve: The college administration will not countenance cheating or plagiarism.
• To lend supportive approval to: encourage, favor, smile on (or upon). See support/oppose.
• To be favorably disposed toward: approve, favor, hold with. Informal go for. Idioms: take kindly to. See praise/blame.
          This is a danger we will not countenance. = Este é um risco com que não contemporizamos.
          The time has come now to countenance a qualitatively different policy response. = Chegou a altura de sancionar uma resposta política qualitativamente diferente.
          We will not countenance quick profits for the companies at the expense of employees and quality. = Não iremos aceitar os lucros rápidos dos fornecedores privados à custa dos empregados e da qualidade dos serviços postais.
          We cannot countenance any form of harmonization which would have the effect of curtailing their rights or of reducing their income. = Em caso algum aceitamos que a harmonização constitua um instrumento de redução dos seus direitos e dos seu rendimentos.
          This is why I cannot countenance leaving open-ended the possibility of an even higher percentage of European Union GDP being committed to cohesion policies. = É por isso que não posso sancionar a possibilidade de deixar em aberto que uma percentagem ainda mais elevada do PIB da UE seja destinada a políticas de coesão.
          It is outrageous that the EU's farmers cannot countenance such imports when they themselves each year pump 8.8 million tons of EU-subsidised sugar out onto the world market. = É inadmissível que os agricultores da UE não possam concordar com esta importação, quando eles próprios lançam 8,8 milhões de toneladas de açúcar, produzido com auxílio da UE, no mercado mundial.
          Unless we are prepared to countenance a crisis within EU institutions = A menos que estejamos dispostos a aceitar uma crise dentro das instituições da UE.
Fonte: Linguee et al

SEGUE = CONTINUE = GO ON = CARRY ON = PROCEED

Verb: proceed without interruption; in music or talk; "He segued into another discourse". / continue, go on, carry on, proceed: We then segued into a conversation about the role on play in childhood
Noun: An act or instance of segueing. The Segway was a good idea, and perhaps it's main accomplishment was it's name as it was a segue to now.  A `segue` is a smooth transition from one topic or section to the next.
1. Music. To make a transition directly from one section or theme to another.
2. To move smoothly and unhesitatingly from one state, condition, situation, or element to another: "Daylight segued into dusk" (Susan Dworski).
She then segued into discussion of women's rights.
He segued into a job as policeman for two and a half years.
Housing slowdown hasn't segued into renting boom
More importantly, you’ve segued into a presentation they’ll listen to without questioning the source.
This segued into a discussion of the project .

FULANO, SICRANO, BELTRANO = [USA:] JOHN DOE, MR SO-AND-SO, MR SUCH-AND-SUCH or TOM, DICK AND HARRY| or EVERYBODY = [UK:] JOE BLOGGS

           The name "John Doe" is used as a placeholder name in a legal action, case or discussion for a male party, whose true identity is unknown or must be withheld for legal reasons. The name is also used to refer to a male corpse or hospital patient whose identity is unknown. This practice is widely used in the United States and Canada, but is rare in other English-speaking countries (including the United Kingdom itself, from where its use in a legal context originates – see Origin below). The name Joe Bloggs is used in the U.K instead, as well as in Australia and New Zealand.
            John Doe is sometimes used to refer to a typical male in other contexts as well, in a similar manner as John Q. Public, Joe Public or John Smith.
            The female equivalent of John is Jane Doe, whilst a child or baby whose identity is unknown may be referred to as Baby Doe. A notorious murder case in Kansas City, Missouri referred to the baby victim as Precious Doe. Other unidentified female murder victims are Cali Doe and Princess Doe. Additional persons may be called James Doe, Judy Doe, etc. However, to avoid possible confusion, if two anonymous or unknown parties are cited in a specific case or action, the surnames Doe and Roe may be used simultaneously; for example, "John Doe v. Jane Roe". Other variations are John Stiles and Richard Miles, now rarely used, and Mary Major, which has been used in some American federal cases.
            The Doe names are often, though not always, used for anonymous or unknown defendants. Another set of names often used for anonymous parties, particularly plaintiffs, are Richard Roe for males and Jane Roe for females (as in the landmark U.S. Supreme Court abortion decision Roe v. Wade).
            The terms Average Joe, Ordinary Joe, John Doe, Joe Sixpack (for males) and Ordinary or Average Jane (for females), are used primarily in the United States to refer to the average American.
Fulano de Tal = Mr. So-and-so
fulano, sicrano e beltrano = John Doe, Mr. So-and-So, Mr. Such-and-Such ou Tom, Dick and Harry ou Everybody

"OMG! LOL's in the OED. LMAO!"

If you find the above string of letters utterly unintelligible, you are clearly an internet "noob". The internet slang term "LOL" (laughing out loud) has been added to the Oxford English Dictionary, to the mild dismay of language purists. The OED defines LOL as an interjection "used chiefly in electronic communications... to draw attention to a joke or humorous statement, or to express amusement". The phrase was ushered in alongside OMG (Oh My God), with dictionary guardians pointing to their growing occurrence "in e-mails, texts, social networking... and even in spoken use".
LOL-ternatives
• :D (smileys) - Simple and clear but may appear childish. Are you a Comic Sans fan?
• ROFL, LMAO, BWL (Rolling On the Floor, Laughing / Laughing My Ass Off / Bursting With Laughter) - Even more annoying than LOL.
• !!! - One is fine, three reeks of desperation: 'Look!!! I made a joke!!!' Yes, we noticed.
• Haha, Hehehe, Arf arf - The safe option. Effective but not very imaginative. Were you really laughing?
• Hilarious! How funny! - You are living in the dark ages.
Source: Migalhas

#

Number sign is a name for the symbol #, which is used for a variety of purposes including, in some countries, the designation of a number (for example, "#1" stands for "number one").
United States: this symbol is usually called the pound sign, and the key bearing this symbol on touch-tone phones is called the pound key.
Canada: this key is most frequently called the number sign key.
UK and other English-speaking countries outside North America: the symbol is usually called the hash, and the corresponding telephone key is the hash key.
Brasil: JOGO DA VELHA ou CERQUILHA
[o verdadeiro "jogo da velha" é "tick-tack-toe/tic-tac-toe/tit-tat-toe" ou "noughts and crosses[UK]"]

TODAY IS MOTHER'S DAY IN UK

Fourth Sunday in Lent.
Also in Ireland and Nigeria.

AS DEZ MAIORES DÚVIDAS DE PORTUGUÊS

[...] [leia o artigo completo em: http: http://veja.abril.com.br/blog/sobre-palavras/]
1. Risco de vida ou risco de morte?
A pressão social pelo uso de “risco de morte”, expressão emergente, como se houvesse algo errado no consagrado “risco de vida” que herdamos de nossos tataravós, é uma questão com que se defronta qualquer pessoa menos distraída no Brasil de hoje. [...]compreender que risco de vida é risco para a vida, ou seja, risco de (perder a) vida. ...Muita gente engoliu desde então o risco de morte. ... [leia o artigo completo em: http://veja.abril.com.br/blog/sobre-palavras/consultorio/risco-de-vida-ou-risco-de-morte/]
2. Presidenta x presidente: a língua também pode ser política
3. Americano, norte-americano ou estadunidense?
[...] [...os termos americano, norte-americano e estadunidense são opções vocabulares à disposição do falante de português] [leia o artigo completo em: http://veja.abril.com.br/blog/sobre-palavras/consultorio/americano-norte-americano-ou-estadunidense/]
4. Todos e todas, brasileiros e brasileiras
5. ‘Como lhe aprouver’: isso existe?
6. A pronúncia de ‘subsídio’: erro hoje, regra amanhã?
7. Através ou por meio?
8. Por que escrevemos ‘muito’ e falamos ‘muinto’
9. História x estória, um conflito histórico
10. Ioga ou yôga? Respire fundo...

EM BAIXO ou EMBAIXO? EMBAIXO >< EM CIMA

"...embaixo da cama", diz a letra. E se fosse "em cima da cama"? Nesse caso, deveríamos usar duas palavras: "em" e "cima". Mas "embaixo" constitui uma única palavra.
         Se a palavra "baixo" for adjetivo, então ela será autônoma, como neste exemplo:
         Ele sempre se expressa em baixo calão, em baixa linguagem.
De resto, o contrário de "em cima" é "embaixo".
Fonte: http://redacaoescola.blogspot.com/2008/02/embaixo-ou-em-baixo.html