THE JOKER

O noticiário de hoje informa os ganhadores do 2009 Golden Globe, entre os quais, Heath Andrew Ledger (4 Apr 1979–22 Jan 2008) an Australian television and film actor, for Best Supporting Actor (Melhor Ator Coadjuvante) in a motion picture.. He has also been nominated for and won awards for his portrayal of the Joker (Curinga ou Coringa) in The Dark Knight, including a Best Actor International award at the 2008 Australian Film Institute Awards, for which he became the first actor to win an award posthumously (postumamente), and, also posthumously, the 2008 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards for Best Supporting Actor.
Source: Wikipedia

URBANE

(adjective) = Suave, polite, sophisticated. Usage: This is a straight-forward word with no pitfalls to look out for: "His urbane manner impressed everyone at dinner." Suggested Usage: Use this term to refer to people who are sophisticated as a result of education, travel, and intelligent experience: "Lucy's travels have left her an urbane commentator on world politics." "She also has urbane tastes in cuisine."
Source: Your Dictionary

CONTINUALLY / CONTINUOUSLY

Yes, there is a slight difference, although most people (and even many dictionaries) treat them the same.
Continually means repeatedly, with breaks in between.
Continuously means without interruption, in an unbroken stream.
Ex.: Heidi has to wind the cuckoo clock continually to keep it running continuously. (If it's important to emphasize the distinction, it's probably better to use periodically or intermittently instead of continually to describe something that starts and stops.) The same distinction, by the way, applies to continual and continuous, the adjective forms.
Source: Your Dictionary

REFORMA ORTOGRÁFICA

Alfabeto: + k, y e w

Trema: Eliminado, exceto em nomes próprios e seus derivados.

Hífen: Não mais usado quando a primeira palavra terminar com vogal e a segunda começar com consoante (Agora: antirrugas, autorretrato), ou quando a primeira palavra terminar com letra diferente da que começar a segunda (Agora: autoestrada, infraestrutura). Será usado quando a palavra seguinte começa com b, h, r, m, n ou com vogal igual à ultima do prefixo (Agora: anti-imperialista, super-homem, inter-regional, sub-base) e quando a primeira palavra terminar com vogal ou consoante igual à letra que começar a segunda (Agora:micro-ônibus, contra-ataque, micro-ondas)

Acento agudo: Eliminado em ditongos abertos ‘‘ei’’ e ‘‘oi’’ de paroxítonas, paroxítonas com ‘‘i’’ e ‘‘u’’ tônicos precedidos de ditongo, nas formas verbais com ‘‘u’’ tônico, precedido de ‘‘g’’ ou ‘‘q’’ e seguido de ‘‘e’’ ou ‘‘i’’, “i” e no “u” tônicos quando vierem depois de ditongo em palavras paroxítonas. (Agora: jiboia, apoio, plateia, europeia, feiura). As palavras herói, papéis e troféu continuam sendo acentuadas porque têm a ultima sílaba mais forte. O acento permanece se o “i” ou o “u” estiverem na ultima sílaba (Piauí e tuiuiú). Na letra “u” dos grupos que, qui, gue e gui o acento também deixa de existir (Agora: averigue).

Acento diferencial: Eliminado em alguns casos (Agora: para, pela, pelo, polo, pera). (O acento diferencial não deixa de ser usado em pôr (verbo) / por (preposição) e pôde (pretérito) / pode (presente). Fôrma também continua sendo acentuada para ser diferenciada de forma.

Acento circunflexo: Eliminado na terceira pessoa do plural do presente do indicativo ou do subjuntivo dos verbos crer , dar, ler, ver e seus derivados; palavras terminadas em hiato ‘‘oo’’. Também eliminado nas palavras terminadas em “êem” e “ôo” (Agora: creem, veem, leem, enjoo)

Veja, no link abaixo, uma tabela publicada pela Folha:
http://media.folha.uol.com.br/educacao/2009/01/02/reforma_ortografia.pdf

TITTLE / TILDE

Vamos começar o ano de trabalho “dotting our ‘is’ ” colocando os pingos nos “is” (ainda mais depois da reforma ortográfica!) (ou é melhor esperar passar o carnaval?)

tittle (noun): til (the tilde on “ã”), pingo (no “i”[the dot on an “i”]), ponto, traço:
(1) A small jot, the dot of an [i], cross on a [t], the beard on [ç], or a discritic such as the tilde on [ñ]; (2) something minute, incredibly tiny, smaller even than an iota—indeed, an iota (Greek short [i]) is capped by a tittle.

tilde (noun): A mark used over an n (ñ) or over a vowel (ã). or to express negation in mathematics or logic, etc. You cannot use tildes ( ~ ) as part of a URI on Windows NT systems. Please DO NOT use the tilde character in your filenames. Players can press the tilde key ( the ~ key ) from any game screen to bring down ( and/or raise ) their console. Google has added a synonym function, using the tilde symbol ( the curly horizontal line or ' ~ ' to be exact ).

"Tittle" is unrelated to the verb "to tittle," which was clipped from the rhyme compound "tittle-tattle." It should not be confused with a titter, either, for that is a suppressed giggle. Think of a tittle as the smallest thing or amount visible without a microscope. Originally, "tittle" referred to those itsy-bitsy appendages added to letters in some languages, "Red Ard did almost fail French for consistently omitting the tittles on his written French." Although we classify today's word as a noun, it probably is used today more often as a quantifier, specifying how much, "When Lucinda dropped her ice cream cone on Hardy Root's head, he didn't move a tittle (não moveu um músculo). "I'll quote him to a tittle," meaning precisely, without omitting so much as a tittle. Somewhere over the years that followed, "to a tittle" was apparently confused with the phrase, "cross all your Ts (and dot your Is)," which also referred to exactitude. Ultimately, "to a tittle" was reduced to "to a T." Now we can quote or describe someone to a T, meaning absolutely exactly.
Source: YourDictionary

ELEEMOSYNARY

adjective: : Of or related to charity; altruistic, contributed as charity. The obvious usage refers to eleemosynary institutions, eleemosynary activities, and the like. Aren't they paying you enough? Prove you deserve more by telling them that your work is not intended as an eleemosynary contribution. (If you say "charity work" they won't look up from the desk.) It is an isolated adjective with no corresponding noun or verb.
Etymology: Medieval Latin eleemosynarius "alms" which gave Late Latin eleemosyna. This word entered Old English where it was reduced to "ælmesse" and further to "almes" in Middle English. The Latin stem was borrowed from Greek eleemosyne "pity, alms" from eleos "pity, mercy."
Source: Your Dictionary

NICETIES

Morei 5 anos no Iraque. Lá, tive algumas aulas de árabe. O professor, Youssef, procurava ensinar-nos somente palavras bonitas, gentis, agradáveis, poéticas. Queria que as nossas tentativas de comunicação com o povo árabe fossem trocas de gentilezas. Entre outras, aprendi “jamil(i)”/”helwa” [bonito(a)], “xucram” [obrigado]. Hoje é o “capodanno” (Na Itália, cabeça do ano, primeiro dia do ano). É um dia de palavras bonitas, sentimentos agradáveis. Por isso, vamos dedicar-nos às “niceties”.
1. Nicety (noun): the quality or state of being nice; specif.: scrupulosity/ precision; accuracy; exactness, as of discrimination or perception / fastidiousness; refinement; delicacy of taste
2. quality of calling for delicacy, accuracy, or precision in handling, discrimination, or adjustment
3. involving or calling for delicacy, accuracy, or precision; subtle or minute detail, distinction, etc.
4. choice, dainty, or elegant.
Source: YourDictionary

GOOD RIDDANCE TO 2008?

(Já vai tarde?)
Is 2009 welcome? Que sera, sera! (See lyrics below)
1. A deliverance from or removal of something unwanted or undesirable: “He took it easy as a good riddance for both sides” (Charles Dickens). “Before you say say good riddance to 2008, there are three things you should consider doing.”
2. The act of ridding or getting rid of something useless or used up: disposal, dumping, elimination, jettison: riddance of household pests.
3. The act or process of eliminating: clearance, elimination, eradication, liquidation, purge, removal. See keep/release.

QUE SERA, SERA (Doris Day)
(Written by Jay Livingston and Ray Evans for Alfred Hitchcock's 1956 re-make of his 1934 film "The Man Who Knew Too Much" starring Doris Day and James Stewart.)

When I was just a little girl,I asked my mother, "What will I be? Will I be pretty? Will I be rich? "Here's what she said to me: "Que sera, sera,Whatever will be, will be. The future's not ours to see.Que sera, sera,What will be, will be."

"When I was just a child in school,I asked my teacher, "What will I try?Should I paint pictures"Should I sing songs? "This was her wise reply: "Que sera, sera,Whatever will be, will be. The future's not ours to see.Que sera, sera,What will be, will be."

When I grew up and fell in love.I asked my sweetheart, "What lies ahead? Will we have rainbows Day after day?" Here's what my sweetheart said: "Que sera, sera,Whatever will be, will be. The future's not ours to see.Que sera, sera,What will be, will be."

Now I have Children of my own. They ask their mother, "What will I be?" Will I be handsome? Will I be rich?" I tell them tenderly: "Que sera, sera, Whatever will be, will be; The future's not ours to see. Que sera, sera, What will be, will be. Que Sera, Sera!"

CHRISTMASTIDE / MISTLETOE / EPIPHANY

Christmastide: Época de Natal. The season of Christmas, especially the festival celebrated from Christmas eve to the eve of Epiphany, January 5.

Epiphany: Epifânia. In many Christian churches, a yearly festival, held January 6, commemorating both the revealing of Jesus as the Christ to the Gentiles in the persons of the Magi and the baptism of Jesus; an appearance or manifestation of a god or other supernatural being. Also called "Twelfth Day" (12 noites após o Natal). A moment of sudden intuitive understanding; flash of insight. (Vivi algum tempo na Itália, na região do Vêneto, a poucos quilômetros de Veneza, em Oderzo. Lá, a Epifânia é uma festa de celebração da morte e renascimento da natureza, representada por uma bruxa boa [La Befana], que distribui doces para as crianças. As vitrines trazem diversas figuras de bruxas e as pessoas decoram suas casas com uma bruxa.)

Mistletoe: Visco. Às vezes confundida com o azevinho (holly). A semi parasitic green shrub with thick green leaves and waxy white berries used as Christmas decoration in English-speaking countries, where it is believed that it has the magical powers of granting the right to kiss anyone standing beneath it. The tradition in England is that, after every kiss, a berry is plucked from the twig and when the last berry is removed, the twig's powers are exhausted. The powers of American mistletoe last much longer. It is difficult to dissociate mistletoe from the act of kissing: "This pickle makes me pucker up more than a tree full of mistletoe." But during the holidays, avoid insults like: "I would sooner eat the mistletoe than kiss him." If someone rubs you the wrong way, rather than resort to crude language, in keeping with the holiday spirit, simply say: "As I walk away, kindly note the mistletoe attached to my coattail”.
Source: YourDictionary

FALL FOR

to be strongly attracted to someone and start loving them(sera que é daí que vem o nosso “caido/caidinho por”?)

E.g.1: They fell for each other immediately, and got married 3 months later.
E.g.2: He's unhappy because he's fallen for a girl who loves someone else.

This phrasal verb can't be separated.
Source: Knights English

CONE OFF

(nas férias, possivelmente encontraremos cones nas estradas)
to close an area like a road or part of a road using large (orange) plastic cones in order to stop people driving on or using this part.

E.g.1: There were long traffic jams on the M25 (motorway round London) because police had coned off 2 lanes after an accident.
E.g.2: There will be road works on this part of the road. The workmen will cone it off very quickly.

This phrasal verb can be separated.
Source: Knights English

BURN ONE’S BRIDGES

To leave all of your friends and acquaintances behind; to cause permanent damage in your relationships.

1) Even though you're quitting your job tomorrow, try not to burn your bridges. You never know when you'll need help in the future.
2) There may be a conflict of interest if I work with both companies. Of course I don't want to burn any bridges, so I should choose one company and let the other know that I can't work with them.

Etymology: People form bridges to their past. If you forget or insult your relationships, you burn your bridges and cannot go back. (How true!)

PERIPATETIC / SEDENTARY

(Eu preciso mudar: deixar de ser "sedentary and take up peripatetics")

Peripatetic (adjective) 1) On foot, walking from place to place. (2) Relating to the methods and thought of Aristotle, who conducted discussions while walking. )The word gains a capital when you're talking about philosophy. A peripatetic is someone who rambles on foot; a Peripatetic is an adherent of Aristotle.

Since the word remains the same whether it's an adjective or noun, there are a lot of applications. With a focus on health, one might say "I've taken up peripatetics as part of my exercise regime." On the contrary, "I told the guy at the garage to get my car ready quickly—I'm no peripatetic." The philosophical use would look something like "Eighteenth-century French dramatists had a largely Peripatetic approach to crafting plays."

Etymology: Greek peripatetikos from peripatein "to walk up and down," from -patein "to tread."
Sedentary (adjective): Not migratory, settled, as "sedentary birds;" doing or requiring much sitting, as "a sedentary job;" attached, as "sedentary barnacles."The adverb is "sedentarily" and the noun, "sedentariness." The word is obviously related to "sediment," "sit," "seat," and "settle," as well.

It is a near antonym of "active" when referring to people.Some of us lead sedentary lives or work at sedentary jobs (that require long spells of sitting), but today's word may be stretched to, "An around-the-world cruise sounds good but your mom and I have become sedentary birds who don't migrate very far any more." Indeed, it can even reach sentences like, "Riddley travels a lot but he has such a sedentary mind that he only visits the haunts of English-speakers when he is abroad."

PINUP

Ouvi hoje, no noticiário, que faleceu a primeira pinup, Bettie Page, a que deu origem ao termo. E não é que o site Wikipedia já estava atualizado? Veja: “Bettie Page (April 22, 1923 – December 11, 2008) was a former American model who became famous in the 1950s for her fetish modeling and pin-up photos. She was also one of the earliest Playmates of the Month for Playboy magazine.” Como suas fotos passaram a ser penduradas (pinned up) na parede, surgiu o termo “pinup girl”.
1. that is or can be pinned up on or otherwise fastened to a wall a pinup lamp
2. (informal) designating a person whose sexual attractiveness makes her or him a suitable subject for the kind of pictures often pinned up on walls; such a person, picture, etc. (calendar girl, playmate, centerfold girl, gatefold girl; see nude)
She was China's first pinup girl and later Hong Kong's premiere sex phone girl.
It's a virtual pinup calendar that could have used some more variety.
Source: Your Dictionary

CURRY

O “curry” de hoje não é aquela delícia indiana que é o prato típico da gastronomia inglesa. Aqui, é um verbo: "curry", que significa bajular, lisonjear, persuadir/dissuadir: to curry somebody out of some thing: persuadir/dissuadir alguém de fazer alguma coisa. (to coax and cajole personal benefit with flattery)

We can curry acquaintance with people in high places or curry forgiveness for forgetting to bring home the curry. We can curry friends, goodwill, jobs, so long as we do it with the sycophancy (adulação) of a good toady (bajulador, puxa-saco).

The delicious Indian curry dishes? Unrelated. That "curry" comes from Tamil kari, a relish for rice. And this "curry" is unrelated to the noun "curry" of English hunting lore, referring to the leftovers from dressing the kill awarded the hounds for their restive (obstinado) duty. This word comes from French "curée", itself from cuir "hide, skin." Today's word not only has a colorful history; it has multiple personalities and other meanings too.

Suggested Usage: "Today's word has so many flavors it is difficult to avoid using two in the same sentence: "Nothing curries the affection of Madhu better than a bowl of good Indian curry." There is, in fact, much to be curried with curry, "Saroya took her husband to a fine Indian restaurant to curry (obter, conseguir com adulação) his approval of a new car for her."
Source: Your Dictionary

LIBRA/POUND - PEQUIM/BEIJING – BOMBAIM/BOMBAY OR MUMBAI ?

Estávamos eu e uma pessoa prestes a viajar para Londres conversando sobre a vida em Londres e preços e coisas e tais quando ela me interpelou: “Por que você diz ‘pounds’? A moeda de Londres não é a libra?” Pois é, ao chegar em outro país às vezes nos surpreendemos com a mudança nos nomes a que estamos acostumados. Quem vai ao “Disneyworld” aprenderá que o Pateta é o “Goofy”, Margarida é “Daisy Duck”, Tio Patinhas é o “Scrooge McDuck” (veja a lista em http://stp.ling.uu.se/~starback/dcml/chars/). Lembrei-me disso ao ler o blog do Danilo Nogueira do dia 3/12/2008, sobre topônimos (http://tradutor-profissional.blogspot.com/).

ORAL / VERBAL

Traditionally, oral means spoken (an oral examination) and verbal means related to words (verbal reasoning).
But 'verbal agreement' is the idiomatic term for one that is spoken, not written. There is no ambiguity here since an agreement necessarily involves words.
Another idiom is 'non-verbal communication', the use of gesture and body language instead of words; effectively this means unspoken since it is only used of people in face to face contact, who can observe one another's physical behavior.
Source: Your Dictionary

PREVENTION / PRECLUSION >< ADMISSION / INCLUSION

(noun) the act of preventing or excluding something (perempção; preclusão, impedimento) >< (aceitação, confissão, inclusão)

• preclusion: “The preclusion of spousal testimony resulted in the charges being dropped."
• prevention: "One of the purposes of international recognition of judgments is the prevention of repetitive litigation in several jurisdictions."
• admission: "The admission of the testimony led to a conviction."
• inclusion: "The law requires inclusion of students with disabilities in all assessment programs."

Other forms of the word

• preclude (verb): "The gag order precluded the attorneys from discussing the case with the media."
• preclusive (adjective): "Administrative decisions can have a preclusive effect on lawsuits for wrongful termination."
  

Related concept

• estoppel (perempção; preclusão, impedimento): an impediment which precludes proceeding with a certain cause of action or presenting a certain fact or issue in litigation. "Collateral estoppel is a doctrine whereby a party is prevented from raising a legal issue that has previously been determined as between the parties."

KE / KEURO

1 KEuro = 1.000 Euros
A salary of 23KE = um salário de 23 mil euros

DISCLOSE >< CONCEAL

disclose (verb): "The parties agree not to disclose the contents of this agreement to any third party."divulge: "As a rule, a bank is not permitted to divulge information about its customers."
disclosure (noun): "The Prime Minister's stance against disclosure is threatened by...". Public policy considerations favoured disclosure rather than confidentiality." concealment (noun) : "The defendant was found guilty of fraud by concealment."

reveal: "The documents revealed that the builder knew that the construction failed to meet industry standards."

conceal (verb): to hide, to keep secret, to withhold from disclosure. "When he applied for a driving licence in England, he concealed the fact that his Mexican driving licence had been suspended."
conceal assets: to hide cash or other assets from a governmental authority. "In this jurisdiction, it is a crime to conceal assets from the court during divorce proceedings."
conceal the facts: to hide the truth. "One of the purposes of corporate governance statutes is to prevent companies from concealing the facts about intra-group transactions."
conceal sources: the refusal of a journalist to reveal the source of his or her information. "The court found that the reporter's right to conceal her sources was unequivocal in this case."
Source: Translegal and other

EDGES / BOUNDARIES

Pushing Your Edges - Gently
by Suzie Heumann

“Don’t reject anything you are experiencing. Meet it instead with a brief moment of non-judgmental awareness – touching it and letting it be.” From Perfect Love, Imperfect Relationships by John Welwood.
Tantric practice invites us to push our boundaries, just a bit, so that we experience something new and unique, not about the ‘thing’ we do but about the way in which we experience and then handle the situation. There is a profound practice that is essential for any Tantrica – nonjudgmental witnessing.
It looks like this: “I’m noticing that I’m beginning to raise my voice.” or “I’m really feeling grateful and happy right now.” Period. Nothing more - nothing less. It isn’t: “I’m raising my voice and that’s going to get me in trouble.” That statement is judgmental and inflicts a little ‘ding’ on your psyche whenever you speak it to yourself. In the same respect, it isn’t this either: “I’m really feeling grateful and happy right now and I deserve it.” Yes, you deserve it but even adding that piece to the simple acknowledged presence of the ‘feeling’ contains elements of judgment.
This is a practice that helps you pay attention to how you are feeling, to what your gut is telling you. You already know, in your psyche, that that means you are becoming angry or that you are feeling proud of being deserving. You can go on to simply notice that fact. Don’t judge your self, don’t think about what you should-of, could-of done, don’t do anything to take yourself out of the ‘feeling’ mode of the witnessing.When this ‘witnessing’ becomes second nature it will nurture your spirit and lead you to greater understanding of who you are. There is no higher goal in life than to find out the details of the real you. That is the beginning of a beautiful relationship – you loving you!"

PAYOFF / KICKBACK / BRIBERY / BAKSHEESH

*payoff* (Slang) =
1: A final payment or reward.E.g.: What's the payoff for finishing school? There are no good jobs even if you have your degree.
2: A bribe or illegal contribution of money to another; to bribe someone. E.g.: I wonder how much of a payoff the policeman got for not writing him a speeding ticket. You can't trust anyone these days--everyone has been paid off in one way or another.

Kickback = a return of a part of a sum received often because of confidential agreement or coercion. E.g.: Every city contract had been let with a ten percent kickback to city officials.

Hush money is an informal term for financial incentives or reward (bribery) offered in exchange for not divulging information.

Baksheesh is a Persian word, written بخشش and originating from the Pahlavi (Middle Iranian) language. It is a term used to describe tipping, charitable giving, and certain forms of political corruption and bribery in the Middle East and South Asia.

PROCURAÇÃO

Veja no link abaixo: Aspectos lingüísticos da procuração "ad judicia".
NBR 6023:2002 da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas(ABNT), o texto científico publicado em periódico eletrônico deve ser citado da seguinte forma:
VIANA, Joseval. Aspectos lingüísticos da procuração "ad judicia". Disponível em http://www.abdir.com.br/doutrina/ver.asp?art_id=911&categoria=Linguagem%20Forense

CAVEAT EMPTOR

“O comprador que se cuide." (Por conta e risco do comprador)
A Latin term that means “Let the buyer beware”. It is typically used in reference to consumer transactions.
The legal principle that, unless the quality of a product is guaranteed in a warranty, the buyer purchases the product as it is and cannot hold another liable for any defects. Statutes and court decisions concerning products liability and implied warranties have substantially altered this rule.
Source: YourDictonary

DISCLAIMER (ISENÇÃO DE RESPONSABILIDADE)

This Internet site is for guidance only and does not unless stated otherwise form part of any contract or obligation. It is subject to change without notice. It intends to suggest possible meanings or translations for certain words but accuracy is not guaranteed. You should always check to see that information of any sort is up-to-date and correct before relying on it. The reader should never assume that information supplied on this website applies to any specific text without consulting other sources. Caveat emptor (Let the reader beware!).

TICKTOCK

tique-taque ou tiquetaque = ticking sound made by a clock / the heart.

BREACH

BREACH = A breach is a party's failure to perform some contracted-for or agreed-upon act, or his failure to comply with a duty imposed by law, which is owed to another or to society.

ANTICIPATORY BREACH = (arrependimento contratual; ocorrência de tentativa de violação) breach committed before the arrival of the actual time of required performance. It occurs when one party by declaration repudiates his contractual obligation before it is due, so that he refuses to honor the contract. The repudiation required is 'a positive statement indicating that the promisor will not or cannot substantially perform his contractual duties.' A repudiation will justify a demand by the aggrieved party for an 'assurance of performance.' Or an action for relief in a breached contract.

ANTICIPATORY REPUDIATION = a refusal by one party to a contract to perform his or her future obligations under the contract that is expressed either by a clear statement of refusal or by a statement or action that clearly implies refusal . Where the anticipatory repudiation is by the party's conduct rather than by declaration it is called VOLUNTARY DISABLEMENT. For example, if A promises to give B a unique sculpture in exchange for B painting A's house, but A then sells the sculpture to C before B completes the job, this act by A constitutes an anticipatory repudiation which excuses B from completing the job. Once the sculpture has left A's possession, there is no way that A can fulfill the promise to give the sculpture to B. See:"The Convention on the International Sale of Goods: Anticipatory Repudiation Provisions and Developing Countries". Upon breach of contract, the aggrieved party is entitled to damages and, depending upon the nature of the breach, may also be discharged from performing its remaining obligations under the contract. May these same remedies be invoked prior to the time that performance is due if a party obligated to perform states that it does not intend to perform or cannot perform or if it becomes apparent that the party obligated to perform cannot perform? The doctrine of anticipatory repudiation responds to this question. Hochster v. DeLaTour, involving a courier discharged by his employer prior to the time employment was to start, is the classic case on anticipatory repudiation. Short of an indication that one party does not intend to perform or will not be able to perform, the other party nevertheless may become insecure about the prospect of receiving the benefit of its promised performance. For transactions in goods, where there are reasonable grounds for such insecurity, U.C.C. 2-609 provides a right of the insecure party to demand and receive adequate assurance of performance from the other.

EFFICIENT BREACH = breach of contract in economic theory in which it is more profitable for the breaching party to breach the contract and pay damages than to perform under the contract

MATERIAL BREACH = a breach of contract that is so substantial that it defeats the purpose of the parties in making the contract and gives the non breaching party the right to cancel the contract and sue for damages. Whether a breach is material is a question of fact. Under the Restatement (Second) of Contracts, a material breach gives rise to the right to suspend performance but not to cancel the contract until there is a total breach.

PARTIAL BREACH = a breach of contract in which the breaching party's nonperformance is minor and gives rise to the right to sue for damages but not to suspend performance or cancel the contract, since it does not substantially impairs the value of the contract and does not give the injured party cause to abandon the whole contract. For example, you order a white yacht, and the seller delivers a yellow yacht; you may seek damages for the cost of painting the yacht white.

TOTAL BREACH = a breach of contract under the Restatement (Second) of Contracts that is so substantial that it gives rise to the right to cancel the contract and sue for damages.

BREACH OF DUTY -= a failure to perform a duty owed to another or to society; a failure to exercise that care which a reasonable man would exercise under similar circumstances.

BREACH OF TRUST = a violation by a trustee of a duty which equity lays upon him, whether willful and fraudulent, or done through negligence, or arising through mere oversight and forgetfulness.

BREACH OF WARRANTY = an infraction to an express or implied agreement as to the title, quality, content or condition of a thing sold or bailed. A warranty is a guarantee and is breached when the thing so guaranteed is deficient according to the terms of the warranty. A seller may be liable for a breach of warranty even without any negligence or misconduct.

action for breach = ação por violação
anticipatory breach = (arrependimento contratual; ocorrência de tentativa de violação) occurs when a party indicates in advance, by words or conduct, that it does not intend to fulfill an obligation when it falls due under a contract. (withdrawable)
breach of bank secrecy = violação de sigilo bancário (sentido negativo)
breach of close = invasão de domicílio
breach of confidence occurs when a person who has been entrusted with confidential information uses that information improperly 370
breach of confidentiality = violação de sigilo
breach of confidentiality = violação de sigilo
breach of contract / default / noncompliance = inexecução da obrigação, violação de contrato, dano de confiança, culpa contratual; inadimplemento; incumprimento do contrato, quebra/rompimento de contrato, inadimplemento contratual, falta de cumprimento de um contrato ou qualquer de suas condições, culpa contratual, quebramento, ruptura
breach of duty to take care / negligent bailee / unfaithful depositary inbreach of duty / = violação do dever de vigilância (faulty bailee depositário infiel)
breach of peace; tumult; street riot; brawl. arruaça
breach of prison = fuga da prisão
breach of representation. incumprimento de representação
breach of rules of procedure (penalty for) = sanções processuais
breach of the right to jurisdictional protection by the courts = violação à irrecusabilidade da jurisdição estatal
breach of trust, betrayal of confidence, detournment, embezzlement, treachery; perfidy = abuso de confiança, aleivosia
breach of warranty of authority occurs when an agent indicates that it is authorized to act for a principal when it is not.
constructive breach of contract. incumprimento implícito
damage resulting from breach of contract. prejuízo positivo
defense of breach of contract. exceção do contrato não cumprido
direct inducement to breach of contract occurs when the defendant directly persuades a third party to break its contract with the plaintiff
indirect inducement to breach of contract occurs when the defendant indirectly persuades a third party to break its contract with the plaintiff
knowing or fraudulent breach = violação dolosa ou fraudulenta
material breach = violação significativa; grave infração contratual
perfect law; law that sanctions breach with nullity = lei perfeita
willful breach = violação intencional
Source: Various

EE / ER

ee is widely used in the payroll processing industry as an abbreviation for employee (cf. er (employer))
E.g.: Pennsylvania Unemployment EE
Source: Answers.com

INVITE (SOMEONE) ROUND

convidar = to invite someone to visit you in your house.

E.g.1. John and Sue have invited us round to their house for dinner on Friday.
E.g.2. Shall we invite the new neighbours round for coffee?
This phrasal verb can be separated
Source: Knights' English

PINK SLIP (USA) / P45 (UK)

Pink slip: Notice of termination of employment; a note from your employer telling you that you've lost your job. (USA)
P45: In the United Kindgom and Ireland, P45 is the reference code of a form titled Details of employee leaving work.

In the 1920's, large corporations developed color-coded paper communication systems. Pink paper was used to send the message "you're fired."
1) I think our boss enjoys handing out pink slips.
2) The factory is closing next week, and all 500 employees received pink slips today.
3) On June 27, 2007, the day of his resignation as Prime Minister, Tony Blair jokingly remarked during his final Prime Minister's Questions about receiving his P45: “I received the following communication by urgent letter yesterday: “Details of employee leaving work: Surname Blair. First name T”
4) "A hora do bilhete azul pode ser cor-de-rosa... Investe-se de forma a tornar o tão temido bilhete azul em algo menos traumático para o funcionário. "
Source: Knights English and Other