DISCLOSE, EXPOSE AND DIVULGE

All refer to making something visible which had previously not been visible
       disclose = to make something known publicly that had previously been kept secret or hiddenShe signed an agreement not to disclose company trade secrets.
disseminate =
       divulge = to disclose or reveal information that would normally be kept secretGenerally speaking, a bank is not permitted to divulge information about its customers.
      expose = to show publicly; to place on public view; to revealThe newspaper article exposed corruption in the country's two major political parties.
        The first one, disclose, usually is quite neutral and it refers to making public a factual matter. For instance, it is often said that "the seller failed to disclose hidden defects in the foundation of the house"
     We can also say that "she did not want to disclose the name of her lover".
     We often talk about the fact that "doctors are not supposed to disclose any information about their patients".
     In contrast, expose is not neutral but it usually implies some sort of scandal. So, for instance, we talk about "exposing corruption" or we talk about somebody who shows themselves, makes a part of themselves visible which is usually covered, for instance, "the paedophile exposed himself to children in the park". In this case he exposes his nakedness. We also talk about being exposed to liability and that means not covered or protected by some sort of a shield, for instance "a company was exposed to liability because it did not have any insurance coverage".
       The third word we have is divulge and divulge means making known very private, deeply sensitive information. We're revealing information which would normally be kept very secret. So, for instance, we talk about "divulging state secrets" for instance "an ambassador can be in trouble for divulging the state secrets that he has dealt with"
     or "police officers may not divulge the details of their undercover operations".
Now, two of these words have nouns that go with them, for instance, disclosure goes with disclose and exposure goes with expose. The word divulge has no noun. So we have to always construct our sentences to use a verb.
      For disclosure we would say, as we often do about contracts, "disclosure of confidential information is prohibited under the confidentiality clause of the contract"
      or for exposure we could say that  "she was prosecuted for indecent exposure because she appeared on the stage naked".
Outro termo relacionado: "leak"

FREE-RANGE EGG = OVO CAIPIRA

Free-range eggs are eggs produced using birds that are permitted to roam freely within a farmyard, a shed or a chicken coop. This is different from  factory-farmed that are typically enclosed in battery cages. The term "free-range" may be used differently depending on the country and its laws.
Read the full article at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-range_eggs

ALTER / AMEND / CHANGE / MODIFY

ALTER: v.tr. To change or make different; modify: altered my will.  To adjust (a garment) for a better fit. v. intr. To change or become different.
AMEND. v.tr.To change for the better; improve: amended the earlier proposal so as to make it more comprehensive. To remove the faults or errors in; correct. To alter (a legislative measure, for example) formally by adding, deleting, or rephrasing. To enrich (soil), especially by mixing in organic matter or sand. v.intr. To better one's conduct; reform.
CHANGE. To cause to be different: change the spelling of a word.  To give a completely different form or appearance to; transform: changed the yard into a garden.
MODIFY, v.tr. To change in form or character; alter. To make less extreme, severe, or strong: refused to modify her stand on the issue. Grammar. To qualify or limit the meaning of. For example, summer modifies day in the phrase a summer day. v.intr. To be or become modified; change.

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BACK DOWN / BALK / SET BACK >< PRESS AHEAD / SPEED UP

back down
       Governo deverá recuar de incentivo fiscal: Government to back down on tax incentive
       Não haverá recuo nas reformas / No back-down on planning reforms
balk
       Government balks at imposing even the most modest increase.
       They balked at the idea of joining...
set back
       All our efforts have been set back.
       New rules could set back those incentive policies.
press ahead
       The Government is determined to press ahead with planning reforms.
       They willl press ahead with health overhaul.
speed up
       Government speeds up tax reform

Hipossuficiente = financially disadvantaged

Hipossuficiente é a parte mais fraca na relação negocial, contratual, etc.
Vulnerável é a parte que tem maior probabilidade de ser lesada na relação consumeirista.
    Financial support is available to students from financially disadvantaged backgrounds.
    On expanding access to health for financially disadvantaged families...
    O Direito do Trabalho (...) tem como princípio a tutela do trabalhador devido à sua condição de hipossuficiência perante o empregador.
   Candidatos economicamente hipossuficientes poderão requerer isenção no ato da inscrição.

FOOD FORAGER = ESPECIALISTA EM FORNECIMENTO DE ALIMENTOS / COLETOR DE ERVAS E ALIMENTOS / CONSULTOR DE VÍVERES ?

The Foraging Process:
· Define what objectives the retailer wishes to achieve.
· Clarify the shops sales position, identifying any seasonal highs and lows.
· Study which suppliers are currently used, with ordering & delivery schedules.
· Look at previous promotions and marketing that’s already been used.
· Discuss the level of success achieved.
· Define what roles each member of staff plays.
· Meet the team and introduce myself, and explain why I’m joining the team, making it clear that I’m here to help not to undermine.
· Discover what objectives the retailer has in mind, work with the team learning how the shop works.
· Discuss with the retailer what ideas I have to add to continue the success of the shop.
· Agree a re-structure/remerchandising budget, if applicable.
· Implement some ideas, working with the team offering any advice and training needed.
· Discuss with the retailer how the changes have been received by customers and the team, and what else can be done for the future.
· Leave the shop management team with a plan for merchandising over the next month.

“FALTA DE COMPARECIMENTO”

Fonte: Migalhas 2709
Deveres matrimoniais
         Francês é condenado a pagar indenização de £8,500 a ex-esposa por falta de "comparecimento" durante o casamento, segundo o jornal britânico The Telegraph.

Frenchman ordered to pay wife damages for lack of sex

A Frenchman has been ordered to pay his ex-wife £8,500 in damages for failing to have enough sex with her during their marriage.
         The 51-year-old man was fined under article 215 of France's civil code, which states married couples must agree to a "shared communal life".
         A judge has now ruled that this law implies that "sexual relations must form part of a marriage".
         The rare legal decision came after the wife filed for divorce two years ago, blaming the break-up on her husband's lack of activity in the bedroom.
          A judge in Nice, southern France, then granted the divorce and ruled the husband named only as Jean-Louis B. was solely responsible for the split.
          But the 47-year-old ex-wife then took him back to court demanding 10,000 euros in compensation for "lack of sex over 21 years of marriage".
          The ex-husband claimed "tiredness and health problems" had prevented him from being more attentive between the sheets.
          But a judge in the south of France's highest court in Aix-en-Provence ruled: "A sexual relationship between husband and wife is the expression of affection they have for each other, and in this case it was absent.
          "By getting married, couples agree to sharing their life and this clearly implies they will have sex with each other."
(Published by The Telegraph - September 5, 2011)

MIND THE GAP

"Mind the gap" is a warning to train passengers to take caution while crossing the gap between the train door and the station platform. It was introduced in 1969 on the London Underground. The phrase is also associated with t-shirts that Transport for London sells featuring the phrase printed over a London Transport symbol.

BROKER / FACILITATOR / GO-BETWEEN / INTERFACE / INTERMEDIARY / INTERMEDIATOR / INTERVENOR / MEDIATOR

Broker: n. One that acts as an agent for others, as in negotiating contracts, purchases, or sales in return for a fee or commission.
Facilitator: facilitator works with a group of people to help them have a conversation, come to agreement, or plan for the future. In general the facilitator acts as a trusted and neutral outside voice, making decisions about the process the group goes through but allowing the group to focus on and control the content of the discussion. The facilitator is a gentle guide, making it easier for the group to have that discussion.
Go-Between: n. One who acts as an intermediary or messenger between two sides.
interface: A point at which independent systems or diverse groups interact: "the interface between crime and politics where much of our reality is to be found" (Jack Kroll).
Intermediary: n. In sales, the term intermediary describes how pulling buyers and sellers together while aggregating data can facilitate transactions. Internet-based intermediaries create multi-vendor, multi-product marketplaces.
Intermediator: n. A mediator.
Intervenor: To involve oneself in a situation so as to alter or hinder an action or development: "Every gardener faces choices about how and how much to intervene in nature's processes" (Dora Galitzki).
Mediator - n. One that mediates, especially one that reconciles differences between disputants.

FIGURE OUT

Definition: to find the answer to a problem, a question, or the reason for something by investigating it and thinking about it carefully.
       -  I can’t figure out why these totals don’t match.
    - I’ve finally figured out why she got so upset yesterday.
This phrasal verb can be separated.
Source: Knight's English

PASS OVER / STEER AWAY FROM

pass over: to deliberately avoid discussing something.
(This verb has more than one meaning; this phrasal verb can be separated.)
               He talked about his childhood, but passed over his teenage years.
                   We’ll pass over what happened last week, shall we?
steer away from: to avoid talking about something or doing something. (This phrasal verb can be separated.)
               She tried to steer the conversation away from the topic of her ex-boyfriend.
               He usually steers away from serious subjects.
Source: Knight's English

POP-UP STORES = LOJAS TEMPORÁRIAS

CARRY ON /HANG ON

Today's "London Evening Standard": The proprietor of a café who used a baseball bat to warn off looters said he would 'keep calm and carry on' as his business opened his morning.

QUORATE, QUORUM

noun: A quorum / adjective: Having a quorum

         - With only five people able to make it to the meeting, we were barely quorate.

         - It shall be quorate only if the majority of its members are present. (O quorum somente será atingido será atingido se a maioria dos seus membros estiver presente.)

         - The Panel’s resolutions will be considered quorate if at least three of its members are present. (Para serem válidas, as deliberações devem contar com a presença de, pelo menos, três dos membros do painel.)

         - The House had better be quorate indeed more than quorate or we risk having no budget. (É bom que haja quórum na Assembleia - mais do que quórum -, caso contrário arriscamo-nos a ficar sem orçamento.)

         - Madam President, on the same point of order that Mr Duff raised earlier, the roll-call vote has just shown that we are not quorate, so therefore, under the same rules, I would like to ask for the quorum to be established and I call on Members to support me by standing. (Senhora Presidente, intervenho para um ponto de ordem sobre a mesma questão que há pouco aqui foi suscitada pelo Sr. Duff. Com efeito, a votação nominal acaba de demonstrar que não há quórum, pelo que, nos mesmos termos aqui invocados pelo senhor deputado Duff, gostaria de solicitar a verificação do quórum, e convido os colegas da assembleia a erguerem¬se em sinal de apoio ao meu pedido.)

"MIND YOUR LANGUAGE!"

“(...) We seem unable to differentiate between "compare to" and "compare with". This, from a recent piece about the cricketer Mark Ramprakash, is typical: "Watchers compared the schoolboy with Denis Compton as he smashed the Yorkshire attack around Lord's." This sentence conjures up an image of the watchers, perhaps viewing archive footage of the late Compton, attempting to assess the similarities and differences between the two batsmen. What the watchers actually did was liken Ramprakash to Compton. They said he was just like Compton. They compared him to Compton! How hard is that?
         We have similar problems deciding between "who" and "whom". You can bet what's left of the equity in your house that, on one of the rare occasions when we summon up the courage to use the latter, the former would have been correct. It may not matter too much, as "whom" seems to be disappearing from English usage altogether, but it would be nice to get it right once in a while.
        As for "that" and "which", my faith in the infallibility of the style guide's formula (which I stole from a former colleague at the Independent) – "this is the house that Jack built; but this house, which John built, is falling down" – is daily tested by a near universal failure of my colleagues to observe the distinction.
        Although grammar is often fuzzy and open to interpretation, in my book these three mistakes all come down to a Manichean choice between good and evil, light and dark, right and wrong. If the style guide is no help, perhaps when faced with deciding between "compare to" and "compare with", "who" and "whom", or "that" and "which", we should simply toss a coin.”
http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/aug/24/grauniad-spelling-grammar-subeditors?INTCMP=SRCH
guardian.co.uk/styleguide

KEEP IT SIMPLE!

Keep it simple! UK is easier to read than U.K. and OK is easier than okay. (The Guardian Style Guide)

PIMM'S

PIMM'S, a brand of fruit cups, is a traditional beverage served at UK pubs and restaurants. The most popular is Pimm's No. 1, prepared as follows:
        Take a jug or long drink glass and fill it with ice.  Mix 1 part PIMM'S* No.1 with 3 parts chilled lemonade. Add some mint, cucumber, orange and strawberry.
        Voilá! Enjoy!

UP AND RUNNING

in operation; functioning properly: "I'm up and running!"

Ask yourself: "Am I doing this because I want to, or because someone else think I should?"

"I'm so passionate about my work that boundaries have merged and I no longer know when I'm working or not. I'd encourage people to ask themselves: "Am I doing this because I want to, or because someone else think I should?"  You can accept being trapped, or you can break out  and find something more fulfilling."
                                                                 - Deborah Meaden

STORE D'OEUVRES

Snacks and food samples that a grocery store will serve at various locations in order to tempt the patrons into buying something they weren't planning on (pizza, chips and dip, sausage, etc.).
        - I went to Costco the other day and filled up on store d'oeuvres.
Stopping at the store or usually a quickie mart to grab and throw down some snacks while on your way to eat at someone's house. Usually because you know there's going to be little or no good food there.
        - We better stop and grab some store d'oeuvres, you know that she never has enough food.  (on the way to a party at some chick's house)
        - Isn't she a vegetarian? We'd better stop and get some store d'oeuvres. I can't eat that shit all night.

GO VIRAL ON/OVER THE INTERNET = VIRAR FEBRE NA INTERNET

"In the very likely case that you're on the Internet right now, you already know what a "meme" is. But you may not realize that the concept -- a meaningless phrase, image or joke getting repeated endlessly for no reason at all -- predates the Internet generation by a long shot."

Meme = A unit of cultural information, such as a cultural practice or idea, that is transmitted verbally or by repeated action from one mind to another (a replicator).

       "Last week, this really crappy pop song by a teenager with rich parents went viral. It was called “Friday” and ..."
       "The clip went viral over the summer".
       "The near-constant playing of the buzz-sounding vuvuzela instrument during games of the 2010 World Cup in South Africa led to numerous vuvuzela-based memes, including YouTube temporarily adding a vuvuzela effect that could be added to any video during the World Cup."
       "One of the most hated and loved Internet memes of recent memory is Boxxy, who posted a video of herself back January 2009 that went viral..."
       "Insane Foreign Memes That Put Lolcats To Shame"

Gente! There is a whole world out there! We have to keep up with it!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7fJPDPuUzo

APAGÃO = BLACKOUT = SNAFU(?)

SNAFU is an acronym that stands for Situation normal: all fucked up. It is sometimes bowdlerized to Situation normal: all fouled up or similar.  In simple terms, it means that the normal situation is in a bad state, as it always is, therefore nothing unexpected. It's usually used in jest, or as a sign of frustration. The acronym is believed to have originated in the US Army during World War II.
            In modern usage, snafu is sometimes used as an interjection. Snafu also sometimes refers to a bad situation, mistake, or cause of trouble. For example, in 2005, The New York Times published an article titled "Hospital Staff Cutback Blamed for Test Result Snafu".

"The more ignorant you are about a subject, the easier it seems to you.'"

From: http://ginstrom.com/scribbles/2011/01/13/the-dunning%E2%80%93kruger-effect-and-you:
            "The Dunning–Kruger effect is a cognitive bias in which unskilled people make poor decisions and reach erroneous conclusions, but their incompetence denies them the metacognitive ability to realize their mistakes." (Wikipedia)

             ...

As a corollary, the more we know about a subject, the more likely we are to know our limitations.

...

 “Fools rush in where Angels fear to tread.”

This is food for thought.

ERRO MÉDICO = NEGLIGÊNCIA MÉDICA >MALPRACTICE

           iatrogenia (sf): Med. Doença ou alteração patológica decorrente de medicamento ou tratamento médico. [Costuma designar erros resultantes da conduta médica]
           malpractice: Improper or negligent treatment of a patient, as by a physician, resulting in injury, damage, or loss. Improper or unethical conduct by the holder of a professional or official position. The act or an instance of improper practice. Improper or immoral conduct of a professional in the performance of his duties, done either intentionally or through carelessness or ignorance; commonly applied to physicians, surgeons, dentists, lawyers, and public officers to denote negligent or unskillful performance of duties where professional skills are obligatory. Misconduct, lack of ordinary skill, or breach of duty in the performance of a professional service (e.g., in medicine) that results in injury or loss. The plaintiff must usually demonstrate a failure by the professional to perform according to the field's accepted standards

DEVERAS, ASSAZ

Termos em desuso?
"Deveras interessante a análise feita por este periódico sobre o desfecho processual da Operação XXX."
              deveras (adv): Ex.: Na verdade, realmente, de fato: Merecia deveras um severo castigo. [para destacar ou reafirmar a veracidade do que se diz ou para enfatizar a relevância de algo.]  //indeed, downrightly, in earnest, truly, really, certainly, in fact. Ex.: I am truly fed up > Estou deveras aborrecido.
              assaz (adv): Muito, demais - Ex.: O cliente ficou assaz interessado no projeto [que tal escrever isso em um relatório - será que vão entender? rs, rs, rs...!].  Bastante, suficientemente - Ex.: Ela é assaz sincera para dizer o que sente. //enough, sufficiently, tolerably.
                      (pr.indef): Muito, demais - Ex.: O casal age com assaz complacência em relação aos filhos. Bastante, suficiente - Ex.: O magistrado decidiu-se com assaz prudência.

O poeta é um fingidor.

Finge tão completamente

Que chega a fingir que é dor

A dor que deveras sente.

            - Fernando Pessoa

SONHOS & ILUSÕES / DREAMS & DELUSIONS

              Dream: [sonho] A series of images, ideas, emotions, and sensations occurring involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep. A daydream; a reverie.A state of abstraction; a trance. A wild fancy or hope. A condition or achievement that is longed for; an aspiration: a dream of owning their own business. One that is exceptionally gratifying, excellent, or beautiful: Our new car runs like a dream.
              Delusion [ilusão,delírio]: The act or process of deluding [delude]: - To deceive the mind or judgment of: fraudulent ads that delude consumers into sending in money. See synonyms at deceive. The state of being deluded. A false belief or opinion: labored under the delusion that success was at hand. Psychiatry. A false belief strongly held in spite of invalidating evidence, especially as a symptom of mental illness: delusions of persecution [delírios de perseguição].
Source: Answers.com

BETWEEN vs. AMONG

Most people adhere to the general rule: “between” is used for choices that involve two items, and “among” for three or more. You can also use the word “between” when you're talking about distinct individual items even if there are more than two of them. For example, "she chose between coffee, tea and water". Here, you can use “between” because the drinks are individual items. You can also use “between” in one-to-one relationships:
         "she chose between the ball and the Frisbee", and
         "let's keep this between you and me".
Those are examples where there is a one-to-one relationship -- you use the word “between” as opposed to “among”. Other times “between” can be used where there are more items when you’re referring to groups or people. For example:
         "the negotiations between the lawyers, the buyers and the sellers were going well", and
         "the differences between English, Chinese and Arabic are significant".
These are classic cases when you would use “between” even though it's more than two items.
Alternatively, you can use “among” when you're talking about things that are not distinct items or individuals. For example, if you were talking about colleges collectively you could say "she chose among the State schools". If you're talking about a group of people you also use “among”. For example:
         "fear spread among the prisoners", and
         "the scandal in the school caused uproar among the parents".
These are two very good examples of when you use “among”. Another instance where you use “among” is when you're part of a group:
         "there is a code of honour among thieves", and
         "upon returning from her long trip she found that she felt like a stranger among friends".
Here it indicates that someone is part of a group or they're left out of a group.
Another case is location. “Between” and “among” can also tell the reader different things about a location or a direction that they're taking. For example, when I give you these example sentences I want you to think about the differences:
         "she walked between the trees", and
         "she walked among the trees".
The first sentence, "she walked between the trees", gives you the idea that she stayed on a path or that she's either walking between two trees or she was on one route surrounded by trees on both sides. As opposed to "she walked among the trees". Here you get the sense, or you get the idea, that she was in a park or forest surrounded by trees all around. She's walking among trees. It doesn't sound as if there is a defined path.
That's a good way to see the difference between the two with respect to location and the feeling of the different contexts when you use “among” and “between” -- and the sense you get when you use both of them.
Finally, you can see it's not always as easy using the general rule that a lot of people follow, i.e. that between is for two things and among is for three or more things. Use the terms in the context and don't always follow the general rule.
Source: http://www.translegal.com/legal-english-lessons/between-vs-among-2

UTILIZAR vs. USAR

UTILIZE vs. USE:  Are there circumstances where 'utilized' is better than 'used'? Or has a different meaning?
            A number of critics have remarked that utilize is an unnecessary substitute for use. It is true that many occurrences of utilize could be replaced by use with no loss to anything but pretentiousness, for example, in sentences such as They utilized questionable methods in their analysis or We hope that many commuters will continue to utilize mass transit after the bridge has reopened. But utilize can mean "to find a profitable or practical use for." Thus the sentence The teachers were unable to use the new computers might mean only that the teachers were unable to operate the computers, whereas The teachers were unable to utilize the new computers suggests that the teachers could not find ways to employ the computers in instruction.

Usar e Utilizar – diferenças de uso.

Sempre que o uso for específico, usa-se a palavra usar.
        - Foram usados uma faca para cortar carne e um garfo para comer arroz.
Quando for preciso substituir, utiliza-se utilizar.
        - Utilizei uma faca para parafusar uma dobradiça, pois não havia uma chave de fenda para usar.
        - Utilizei uma chaleira para ferver leite, pois a leiteira foi utilizada para ferver água.

LIers cope with poor air quality

LIers = Long Islanders (Long Island people)
A layer of smog hung over Long Island Thursday, prompting some residents to change their outdoor plans.