WROUGHT

Wrought (adjective)
Pronunciation: [rat]
Definition: Worked, crafted, done.
Usage: Today's word is an archaic form for "worked" but it is still used fairly widely, e.g. overwrought "overworked, worked up," wrought up "worked up," and "wrought iron." The archaic noun has been crystallized in several words such as "wheelwright," "shipwright," and "playwright," which is unrelated to "write" but rather a Greek loan translation based on dramaturge from drama + ergon "work."

Playwright = escritor de peças para teatro/cinema/TV, etc.; um dramaturgo (Aguinaldo Silva is a playwright) A playwright, also known as a 'dramatist', is a person who writes dramatic literature or drama. These works may be written specifically to be performed by actors or they may be closet dramas or literary works written using dramatic forms but not meant for performance.

The term is not a variant spelling of playwrite, but something quite distinct: the word wright is an archaic English term for a craftsman or builder (as in a wheelwright or cartwright). Hence the prefix and the suffix combine to indicate someone who crafts plays. The homophone with write is in this case coincidental.
Suggested Usage: Since today's is an archaic word, save it for an archaic mood; they come over you with increasing frequency as you mature. "The antiqued knotty pine shelf was wrought by my husband back when 'wrought' was the only participle for 'work.'" The reference of "wrought" is usually artifactual, "All my jewelry is hand-wrought right here in town." For this reason, using the word creatively is difficult: "a machine-wrought boat" sounds a bit facetious.

Fonte: Your Dictionary - "Word of the Day"

GET BY

Acho que uma boa tradução seria "vou me virando" (I get by).

Definition: to manage to survive and have a fairly pleasant life.
(This phrasal verb has more than one meaning)
E.g.1: After he quit his job he had to get by on much less money.
E.g.2: It's not easy being self-sufficient, but we get by.
This phrasal verb can't be separated.

Esta dica veio da escola "Knights English" (veja link abaixo), do Mike, uma boa opção para quem quiser praticar inglês: http://www.knightsenglish.com/port/defaultold1.asp
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Para receber "Daily English Tips and Event Information":
http://www.knightsenglish.com/port/top.asp

COTA / COTISTA; QUOTA / QUOTISTA

Todas essas grafias estão corretas. Agora, como traduzir?
"Quotaholder" ou "quota holder", apesar de muito usado, é "tupinikinglish".
"Shareholder" é acionista.
O que vejo nos contratos americanos de limitadas é "unit" / "unit holder" ("Restriction on Transfer of Units - Unit Holder shall not sell, assign, give, pledge, encumber or otherwise transfer (hereinafter, "transfer") any of the Units...")
"member" também poderia ser usado para cotista, mas daí "unit holding member"? Parece estranho...
Veja o que diz o site "Migalaw English":
"Correspondentes – Tendo em vista que as figuras acima se aproximam da Sociedade Limitada prevista na legislação brasileira, a tradução correspondente para sócio-quotista, seria partner ou member.
4) E o quotaholder? Apesar de não encontrarmos registros dicionarizados do termo quotaholder na linguagem jurídica em inglês, – não há entrada para o termo no Black’s, Garner ou Gifis –, não é possível negar sua existência: são milhares ocorrências no Google. É verdade que muitas ocorrências do termo estão em sites de dúvidas, mas muitas se fazem presentes em documentos, contratos, declarações, etc. Todavia, sempre no contexto do Brasil. Portanto, podemos dizer que se emprega quotaholder dentro de um contexto cultural específico: o brasileiro."

CONTRATO SOCIAL

Cada tradutor tem a sua própria interpretação do que seria a tradução mais apropriada para o termo "Contrato Social", que pode ser:

Articles of Association (Juntamente com o “Memorandum of Association”, faz parte dos atos constituivos de sociedade anônima na Inglaterra; nos Estados Unidos, "articles of association" é o nome do estatuto de associações sem fins lucrativos)
Articles of Incorporation (Contrato de Constituição / Estatuto)
Articles of Organization (Muito usado em vários estados dos E.U.A. para limitadas)
Articles of Organization and Limited Liability Company Agreement
Certificate of Formation (Estado de Delaware, EUA)
Charter (para Bancos)
Charter of Incorporation (Documentos constitutivos)
Company Agreement
Company Charter
Deed of Formation
Limited Liability Company Agreement
Memorandum of Association
Operating Agreement
Partnership Agreement (para limitadas)
Certificate of Limited Partnership = Certificado de Constituição de Sociedade em Comandita
Eu mesma usei “Articles of Association” por muito tempo. Contudo, após pesquisas, cheguei à conclusão de que o termo mais apropriado seria “Articles of Organization”
Ao traduzir cláusula, se o título adotado for “Articles of ...”, cada cláusula será um “article”.

SOCIAL CONTRACT: Só existe fora do contexto comercial: The term social contract describes a broad class of philosophical theories whose subjects are the implied agreements by which people form nations and maintain a social order. This means that the people give up some rights to a government in order to receive social order. Este termo é o "Contrato Social" de John Locke (1689) e de Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1762).

Este tópico ainda precisa ser melhor dissecado.

PUTATIVE

Putative (adjective) = putativo, suposto, alegado
Pronunciation: ['pyu-tê-tiv]
Definition: Commonly supposed; assumed without conclusive grounds for belief.
Usage: The only other derivational relative today's word has is the adverb "putatively." "Putative" is nearly synonymous with "reputed" but carries a strong connotation of untruth much more like "supposed."
Suggested Usage: Today's word suggests itself when any sort of reputation is at issue: "His putative expertise in car repair evaporated quickly in the heat of an actual motor under the hood of my car." The reputation does not have to be a human one, "My dog is the putative father of their dog's puppies..."
Em um "paternity case", o pai putativo (the putative father).

GIST

Gist (noun): The real grounds for a case or argument; the substance of a matter, the essence of a matter. "I don't recall exactly what was said but the gist of the conversation was a promise never to divulge its contents."